Ni substrate

A multilayer-type structure probably due to cords in the molten zone between single arc sprayed (0.25 MPa) Ni droplets and steel substrate were found in AES point depth profiles [2.158]. That particular arc spraying condition turned out to yield the best adhesion. Plasma-sprayed AI2O3 layers separated from pre-oxidized Ni Substrate had a micrometer-thick NiO layer on the substrate-sided face and micrometer-deep oxide interdiffusion [2.159]. In this work also, AES point depth profiling substantiated technological assumptions about adhesion mechanisms. 

Sulfur is known to be easily reducible in nonaqueous solvents and its reduction products exist at various levels of reduction of polysulfide radical anions (S . ) and dianions (Sm2 ) 173], Recently Be-senhard and co-workers [74] have examined the effect of the addition of polysulfide to LiC104-PC. Lithium is cycled on an Ni substrate with Qc=2.7 C cm 2 and cycling currents of 1 mA cm. The cycling efficiency in PC with polysulfide is higher than that without an additive. The lithium deposition morphology is compact and smooth in PC with added polysulfide, whereas it is dendritic in PC alone. 

We prepared ceria on Ni substrate by sol-gel coating method. Ceria sol solution was prepared with ceria sol solution (Alfa, 20% in H2O, colloidal dispersion) mixed with ethanol (99.9%, Hayman) with weight ratio (1 2) and stirred. Ceria was deposited on Ni substrate by dip coating method. The variation number of dipping was carried out to obtain different coating ratio. The anode was completely dipped into the ceria sol solution for several seconds and dried at a temperature of 50 C for 24 hours in air atmosphere followed by calcination at 700 C for 30 minutes in 5%H2-N2 atmosphere. 

In order to perform the electrodeposition, first a 3 nm layer of Au was sputter-coated onto one side of the ca. 50 p.m thick membrane to form a conductive surface. A Ni substrate layer was then electrochemically plated on top of the Au, as to... 

Fig. 4.15 SEM image of a CdSe diode array electrodeposited on a Ni substrate, using an Anopore membrane template. (Reprinted with permission from [146], Copyright 2009, American Chemical Society)...

Figure 7.2. XPS data of an as-deposited single-layer CBD ZnS(0,0H) film on Ni substrate. [Reproduced with permission from Ref. 38(a). Copyright 2004 Institute of Pure and Applied Physics.]...

The photoelectrochemical converter is conqposed of a semiconductor in contact with a solution containing a suitable redox couple. CdSe with a band gap (Eg = l.T eV) utilizes a large part of the solar spectrum. These electrodes can be prepared by cathodic codeposition (i) on Ni substrates. Until recently such photoelectrochemical converters were impractical because the action of light on the surface of the photoelectrode produced dissolution. 

When acidic (pH 3 to 4) mixed solution containing 0.08 M CdCl2 and 1 M NH4SCN (or KSCN) is heated, the solution remains clear because no chemical solid formation takes place. When ITO glass or polycrystalline Ni substrates are cathodized at -0.7 V (vs. SCE) in this solution, although very slowly compared to CBD or ETCD, transparent yellow thin films grow. Film thickness increased... 

Etched Ni substrates are used for the CdTe. The two electrode reactions are ... 

The deposition of Cu, Sn, and Cd occurs at a potential of 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1 V, respectively, more positive than the deposition of Zn. In these studies samples of the alloys were prepared on Ni substrates by constant potential electrolysis and examined with EDX, SEM, and XRD. It was found that the Zn content in the electrodeposits increased as the deposition potential became more negative but decreased with increasing concentrations of Cu(II), Sn(II), and Cd(II) in the solution. Increasing the deposition temperature increases the mass-transport rates... 

Single molecules (and not surface artifacts or specs of dust) are easier to see when the surface can be cleaned in ultra-high vacuum at low temperature, imaged to make sure no artifacts are present, and then volatile adsorbates are injected onto the cold surface without breaking vacuum. A nice tour de force was when at 4 K under ultra-high vacuum, Xe atoms were picked up by the STM tip and deposited onto a cold Ni substrate to "write" "IBM" on Ni [28]. It is not too clear exactly how far above the surface the atomically tip floats a good guess is 0.1 nm. 

Fig. 18. Scanning electron micrographs of lithium deposited on Ni substrate in propylene carbonate containing 1.0 mol dm 3 LiC104 and 100 ppm HF at 0.2 mA cm-2 and (b) 1.0 mA cm 2 (reproduced with permission from J. Electrochem. Soc., 143 (1996) 2187 [66]).

Figure 9.7. A SEM image of well-crystallized graphite layer formed on the back side of Ni substrate c = 0.5%CH4/H2, P= lOOTorr, and 7 s = 980 C [169].

As a result of the three-step process, heteroepitaxially oriented diamond crystals were formed on Ni substrates, and the coalescences were developed between some adjacent crystals, as seen in Figures 9.8 and 9.9 [171]. 

Ni substrate atoms at the interface, ii) a tendency for the Pd-Pd distances to expand until they reach a value close to that of pure Pd when approaching the outerlayer and iii) a tendency to generate a missing row like structure generating the (-x2) supplementary spots. 

Figure 13 I AD curve from XPD data for 0-14-ML Fe on Ni(OOl). Angular scans from the Fe 3p core level are shown and compared with those from the Ni 3p core level. The scans were taken along the [110] azimuth of the Ni substrate. The inset shows the position of the [112] peak and the anisotropy function. Cross sections of the bcc 0) azimuth [111] and /cc(OOl) azimuth [110] are shown at the right, along with an in-plane schematic diagram of the /cc(lOO) and cc(llO) surface cells. (From Ref. 33.)...

Figure 5. XRD rocking curves and 4> scans showing the out-of-plane and in-plane texture of a YBCO-YSZ-Ce02 multilayered structure on a rolled-textured Ni substrate.

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