Neutron resonance radiography

Fig. 10. Operation of neutron resonance radiography showing changing neutron energy with neutron angle. En, emitted neutron energy Ed, incident deuteron energy.

Fig. 11. Schematic of neutron resonance radiography system. The object being scanned moves around the target the neutron energy changes with angle scanning each pixel of the object at multiple energies.

Fig. 12. Neutron resonance radiography absorption spectra for various angles of neutron production. Energy...

Fig. 13. Neutron resonance radiography images showing elemental decomposition [40].

G. Chen and R.C. Lanza, Fast neutron resonance radiography for elemental imaging theory and applications, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 49(4) (2002) 1919-1924. 

R.C. Lanza, Neutron resonance radiography for security applications, Proc. SPIE, 4786 (2002) 40-51. 

W.L. Raas, B.W. Blackburn, E. Boyd, J. Hall, G. Kohse, R.C. Lanza, B. Rusnak and J.I.W. Watterson, Neutron resonance radiography for explosives detection technical challenges, Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 23-29 October, IEEE, 1 (2005) 129-133. 

G. Chen, R.C. Lanza and J. Hall, Fast neutron resonance radiography for security applications, AIP Conf. Proc., 576 (2001) 1109-1112. 

Chapters 4-6 address specific diagnostic methods in PEFCs. Martin et al. provide a detailed review of methods for distributed diagnostics of species, temperature, and current in PEFCs in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, Hussey and Jacobson describe the operational principles of neutron radiography for in-situ visualization of liquid water distribution, and also outline issues related to temporal and spatial resolution. Tsushima and Hirai describe both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for visualization of water in PEFCs and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) for measurement of water vapor concentration in Chapter 6. 

Water distribution in membranes or single cells has been analyzed by various optical methods, neutron radiography (NRG) [99-103], and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 104-107]. Improvement of space resolution imder 10 im is expected. 

The safe and verifiable disposition, either by incineration or chemical neutralization of chemical warfare (CW) agents requires correct a priori identification of each munition or container to be processed. A variety of NDE techniques have been used or tested for the examination and characterization of munitions.[l,2] In the U.S., three widely used techniques are X-ray radiography, acoustic resonance spectroscopy (ARS), and prompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis (PINS). The technical bases, instrumental implementations, and applications of the U.S. versions of these methods are briefly discussed. 

A conveiuent suite of NDE techniques is available for the characterization of muiution fill. Large numbers of similar stockpile munitions can be reliably and quickly classified using Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy (ARS). Measurement times are about one minute per item. However, ARS measurements require a comparison template and are less usefiil for assay of old, rusted, and one of a kind munitions. For munitions of this type, x-ray radiography and assay by prompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis can reliably determine the munition fill, and ensure that the items are properly scheduled for destruction. 

---