Neutron activation analysis, cobalt

Stiller et al. [824] have described the determination of cobalt, copper, and mercury in Dead Sea water by neutron activation analysis followed by X-ray spectrometry and magnetic deflection of /i-ray interference. 

Olehy DA, Schmitt RA, Bethard WF. 1966. Neutron activation analysis of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, sodium, and potassium in human erythrocytes and plasma. J Nucl Med 6 917-927. 

Michel R, Loer F, Nolte M, et al. 1987. Neutron activation analysis of human tissues, organs and body fluids to describe the interaction of orthopaedic implants made of cobalt-chromium alloy with the patients organisms. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 113(l) 83-96. 

There are many examples of relatively straightforward use of ICP-MS for the analysis of biological fluids. Antimony has been measured in blood after a 14 1 dilution [236]. Cesium serum levels were found to be elevated in patients with alcohol dementia but not in Alzheimer s disease patients [237]. Cobalt levels in rat serum depended on the form of cobalt [238] ingested. Bismuth levels were measured in human blood and urine by using a direct injection nebulizer [239]. Lead was measured in the blood and blood plasma of smelter workers and the general population [240]. The measurement of trace elements in serum by ICP-MS has been compared to results from neutron activation analysis and proton-induced x-ray emission [241]. Semiquantitative analysis can also be used to obtain a rapid screening of samples [242]. 

Extraction methods using 8-hydroxyqulnoline (oxine) have been applied to the separation of 10.5-minute Co 111 in the neutron activation analysis of cobalt in biological tissue samples (133), and for the separation of 24-minute U2 in neutron activation analysis (56). 

Lavi N, Alfassi ZB. 1990. Determination of trace amounts of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, iron, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, titanium, vanadium and zinc in blood and milk by neutron activation analysis. Analyst 115(6) 817-822. 

A number of instrumental methods have been used to determine ppb levels of cobalt in water (4,5,6), biological tissues (7,8), and air particulates (9, 10). Kinetic methods are capable of measuring sub-parts-per-billion (11,12). Potentially any of these techniques could be used in the analysis of petroleum, but only neutron activation analysis (I, 3) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (13,14) have been applied to any appreciable extent. Flame and heated vaporization atomic absorption techniques were selected for more detailed study by the Project because atomic absorption is sensitive, subject to relatively few interferences, and is rather generally available. 

It was suspected that some of the cobalt sulfonate added to the jet fuel had decomposed and the cobalt had plated onto the walls of the container before the cooperating laboratory had started the analysis. This type of loss, however, was not confirmed in a long-term stability study by neutron activation analysis, which showed that cobalt sulfonate was stable... 

Veesieck j, Hoste J, Barbier F, Steyaert H, De Rudder J and Mighels H (1978) Determination of chromium and cobalt in human serum by neutron activation analysis. Clin Chem 24 303-308. 

Neutron activation analysis has also been employed sporadically for the determination of trace elements in protein fractions, collagen, nucleic acids as well as in biochemicals containing activatable elements (e.g., cobalt in vitamin B12 or selenium in selenoaminoacids). 

Manganese, bromine, cobalt, vanadium, arsenic, antimony, copper, selenium, aluminum, and lanthanum Tubers Neutron activation analysis... 

Cobalt-EDTA (Co-EDTA) Atomic absorption spectrometry Instrumental neutron activation analysis... 

Only two techniques allow the determination of cobalt at normal serum or plasma levels. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) [50-55] and adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (ADCSV) of cobalt dimethylglyoxime complexes [38,40] were applicable, the latter being featured by a very low detection limit. 

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