Neurotransmitters pleasure from

Caffeine binds to adenosine receptors in the brain, preventing adenosine from inducing sleep or opening blood vessels. Caffeine also increases levels of dopamine, the neurotransmitter associated with pleasure. This is the chemical mechanism for addiction. The response to adenosine competition causes increased adrenaline flow. 

The pleasure derived from using tobacco is linked to the stimulation of dopamine-dependent neurotransmitter pathways in the brain, particularly in the meso-limbic system. The precise nature of this link remains controversial, but many of the neurophysiological processes underlying nicotine addiction are common to other addictive drugs with diverse pharmacological actions such as opiates, cannabis, alcohol and cocaine. 

For years, scientists have known that cocaine interferes with the brain s dopamine system. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter—a chemical that passes nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another, and dopamine is associated with movement, emotional response, and the ability to experience pleasure. Research indicates that serotonin transporters are also inactivated with cocaine use. Serotonin is another neurotransmitter, and adequate levels are associated with well-being. Low levels of serotonin in the brain have been linked to depression. Inactivation of dopamine and serotonin transporters leads to receptor over-stimulation and the high. Continued use of cocaine can result in long-term changes in the brain chemistry as receptors decrease in number. These changes can be persistent and even irreversible, and may be responsible for the feeling of depression that lasts long after withdrawal. 

Dextroamphetamine stimulates the production of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine. Neurotransmitters are the brain chemicals responsible for transporting electrical impulses from nerve cell to nerve cell. Dopamine, the neurotransmitter associated with feelings of pleasure, triggers the euphoria that is related to dextroamphetamine use. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter thought to be responsible for the adrenaline-like effects of the drug. 

ACETYLCHOLINE A chemical that transmits nerve impulses from one nerve fiber to another (neurotransmitter). The pleasurable effects of nicotine are a direct result of nicotine binding to acetylcholine receptors. 

Although similar in primary structure to proteins, endorphins are smaller, ranging from five to forty or more amino acids in length. Endorphins are not considered to be neurotransmitter molecules, but are instead classified as neuromodulatory, that is, they modify the action of neurotransmitters through a number of effects associated with pain or pleasure. 

Heroin was first synthesized from morphine over a century ago. Since then, it has become one of the most abused substances. Research into why it produces such powerful effects has led to the discovery of specific opiate receptors and endogenous opioids (enkephalins and endorphins). These peptides appear to be neurotransmitters involved with the sensation of pain and pleasure. A number of opiates and synthetic opioids are available and can lead to dependency, including morphine, heroin, propoxyphene (Darvon), methadone, meperidine (Demerol), pentazocine (Talwin), hy-dromorphone (Dilaudid), oxycodone (Percodan), and hydrocodone (Vicodin, Damason-P), and codeine. 

Neurotransmitters are the triggers for a number of bodily responses. Are you feeling sad Sleepy Anxious Calm These feelings are all triggered by neurotransmitters. There are many neurotransmitters at work in your body triggering certain feelings and sensations—everything from pain to pleasure. Scientists have currently identified about 75 neurotransmitters in the human body, and most believe that there are many more still to be identified. 

Dopamine is the brain neurotransmitter associated with pleasure or pain. The joy from a great meal, a job promotion, a winning poker hand, or sexual relations is conveyed partly by dopamine. Dopamine exerts powerful effects on motivation, reward, learning, memory, sexual desire, and pleasure (Gaidos and Keeley, 2006). 

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