Neurotransmitter-gated ion channel

Galzi, J. L. and Changeux, J. P. (1994) Neurotransmitter-gated ion channel as unconventional allosteric proteins. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 4, 554-565. 

The membrane of the neuron is differentially specialized. The membrane of the soma and dendrites is designed to react to chemical stimuli and contains both neurotransmitter-gated ion channels and neurotransmitter-gated receptors associated... 

Ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors — neurotransmitter-gated ion channels... 

Lummis SC, Beene DL, Lee LW, Lester HA, Broadhurst RW, Dougherty DA. Cis-trans isomerization at a proUne opens the pore of a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Nature 2005 438 248-252. 

Nicotinic receptors are the most intensively studied type of neurotransmitter-gated ion channel, and in this review we summarize what is known about their structure and function. 

Neurotransmitter transport can be electrogenic if it results in the net translocation of electrical charge (e.g. if more cations than anions are transferred into the cell interior). Moreover, some transporters may direction-ally conduct ions in a manner akin to ligand-gated ion channels this ion flux is not coupled to substrate transport and requires a separate permeation pathway associated with the transporter molecule. In the case of the monoamine transporters (DAT, NET, SERT) the sodium current triggered by amphetamine, a monoamine and psychostimulant (see Fig. 4) is considered responsible for a high internal sodium concentration... 

Synaptic Transmission. Figure 1 Synaptic transmission. The presynaptic terminal contains voltage-dependent Na Superscript and Ca2+ channels, vesicles with a vesicular neurotransmitter transporter VNT, a plasmalemmal neurotransmitter transporter PNT, and a presynaptic G protein-coupled receptor GPCR with its G protein and its effector E the inset also shows the vesicular H+ pump. The postsynaptic cell contains two ligand-gated ion channels LGIC, one for Na+ and K+ and one for Cl-, a postsynaptic GPRC, and a PNT. In this synapse, released transmitter is inactivated by uptake into cells. 

Of the several classes of receptors for endogenous chemical signals [3], two are used as postsynaptic receptors in synaptic transmission ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs Fig. 1). Due to the large number of transmitters and the existence of several receptor types for almost all, postsynaptic receptor activation is the most diversified step of synaptic transmission. Table 1 shows selected neurotransmitter receptors. 

Unwin, N., Neurotransmitter action opening of ligand-gated ion channels, Neuron, 10(Suppl. 1), 31 —41, 1993. 

Figure 2.5. The synapse. GPCR = guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor, LGICR = ligand-gated ion channel receptor, SB = synaptic bouton, T = neurotransmitter, YOC = voltage-operated ion channel protein, YOCC = voltage-operated calcium channel protein, Ast = astrocyte, AA = axoaxonal synapse, ASD = axosomatic or axodendritic synapse. GPCR 1 = receptor protein, 2 = G-protein, 3 = enzyme, 4 = ion channel protein.

Muscle cell membranes of nematodes possess ion channel receptors that are opened by neurotransmitters and which are gated by selective therapeutic agents. This chapter is an introduction to the physiology and pharmacology of ligand-gated ion channels of nematode muscle. 

Cyclic AMP can be viewed as subserving two major functions in the nervous system. First, cAMP mediates some short-term aspects of synaptic transmission some rapid actions of certain neurotransmitters on ion channels that do not involve ligand-gated channels are mediated through cAMP. 

Gated ion channels (e.g. neurotransmitter receptors described under Structure above) ... 

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