Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Neurotoxicity nerve agents

See also A-Esterases Anticholinergics Carbamate Pesticides Carboxylesterases Neurotoxicity Nerve Agents Organophosphate Poisoning, Intermediate Syndrome Organophosphates Pesticides Veterinary Toxicology. [Pg.599]

Application of in vitro test methods have become advantageous in specific cases, such as structurally defined compounds and delayed neuropathy, since target cell data and biochemical processes associated in delayed neuropathy are known. Microscopic studies reveal that cases of OPIDN have degeneration of axons followed by demyelination of the nervous system.25,26 Epidemiologic studies have indicated mild impairment of the brainstem, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve functions in Gulf War veterans.27 Such studies are consistent with the spectrum of OPIDN syndrome. The main nerve agents have been shown to inhibit NTE in vitro as well as in vivo. Sarin has been shown to produce delayed neurotoxicity when administered at higher doses in protected hens.25-27... [Pg.128]

Online file. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH. Vranken, M.A., H.C. DeBisschop, J.L. Willems. 1982. In vitro inhibition of neurotoxic esterase by organophosphorus nerve agents. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 260 316-318. (Cited in Munro et al., 1994)... [Pg.142]

As noted in section 3.1, the neurotoxic effects following acute exposures to nerve agents such as GD can range from minor symptoms such as fatigue, headache, mild vertigo, weakness, and loss of concentration to convulsions, respiratory arrest and death. [Pg.201]

OPs are known to induce time-delayed neurotoxicity. This is due to the inhibition of an esterase in nerve tissue, neuropathy target esterase (NTE), that is also found in muscle and blood cells. The NTE level in the blood is an indicator of the inhibition of the enzyme. Inhibition of NTE and aging, the process of following the OP binding to an active esterase site that prevents the reactivation of the site, is important for selection of an antidote against certain OP nerve agents. It is of primary concern for Novichok agent. There is little information available on OP-caused neurotoxicity and the cardiac toxicity. [Pg.499]

Although there is a lack of information on the general toxicological effects of low-level, and suble-thal repeated exposures, there are studies on the behavioral effects of such exposures to nerve agents in animals free of observed signs of intoxication. These were conducted in an effort to determine whether behavioral studies can provide markers of early neurotoxicity that are more sensitive than neurochemical and neuropathological changes. [Pg.1789]

Small doses of nerve agents in animals can produce tolerance. They have also been demonstrated to produce neuropathies, myopathies, and delayed neurotoxicity in addition to their classical cholinergic effects. In rats, acute administration of nerve agents in subconvulsive doses produced tumors and hind-limb adduction. In animals, nerve agents can also cause behavioral as well as cardiac effects. [Pg.2520]

These pesticides inhibit acetylcholine esterase and produce effects similar to, but much milder than, nerve agents. Some of these pesticides exhibit significant delayed neurotoxic effects. Some are readily stored in body fat, which may increase the period between exposure and manifestation of symptoms as well as prolong the time required for the body to excrete the toxins. [Pg.174]


See other pages where Neurotoxicity nerve agents is mentioned: [Pg.135]    [Pg.136]    [Pg.136]    [Pg.45]    [Pg.163]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.232]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.463]    [Pg.465]    [Pg.474]    [Pg.486]    [Pg.600]    [Pg.634]    [Pg.645]    [Pg.655]    [Pg.657]    [Pg.659]    [Pg.763]    [Pg.859]    [Pg.877]    [Pg.1792]    [Pg.1801]    [Pg.1895]    [Pg.243]    [Pg.205]    [Pg.228]    [Pg.637]    [Pg.271]    [Pg.204]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.210]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.66]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.100]    [Pg.101]    [Pg.115]   


SEARCH



© 2024 chempedia.info