Neurotoxicants organophosphate

Neurotoxicants, immunotoxicants, and teratogens were also further explored, and it was concluded that, except for the organophosphorous neurotoxicants, such compounds would be covered by the stmcmre-based, tiered TTC approach. For organophosphates, a human exposure threshold of... 

Inhibitors of a herbivore s ability to detoxify plant toxicants may expectedly be more slow-acting than neurotoxicants such as organophosphates. Nevertheless, securance of synergists of dietary toxicants that complement activation reactions and inhibit detoxification reactions in the targeted pests will have potential for IPM, since they should be compatible or moreover, augment plant antibiosis, natural enemies and concurrently used pesticides. 

V. OTHER ORGANOPHOSPHATES OR DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICANTS THE NEED FOR HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING... 

We need to develop new strategies for the detection of developmental neurotoxicant actions of organophosphates Or other suspected agents, What is critical about many of the targets for chlorpyrifos is that they are all involved in signaling elements that represent the convergent, final... 

Slolkin. T. A. (2(X)4b). Cholinergic sy.stcras in brain development and disruption by neurotoxicants Nicotine, environmental tobacco smoke, organophosphates. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 198,1,32-151. 

This chapter describes and compares the reported toxic effects of various types of organophosphate (OP) neurotoxicants on cell and tissue culture models (i.c., in vitro models), that represent the constituents of the central nervous system (CNS). Like several environmental neurotoxicants, OP compounds affect multiple cell types, employ various mechanisms of toxic action, produce sublethal functional impairment to cells at low concentrations, and are nonessential from a primary metabolic standpoint. Individual cells are the basic functional unit in which the toxic actions of chemicals can be deduced, and cell and tissue culture modcLs excel at providing controlled environments for exposing known cell types to toxicants and dircedy measuring their biological effects. 

GF is a highly toxic nerve agent. It is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and a neurotoxicant. The toxic symptoms are characteristics of sarin and other similar organophosphates. The toxicity is lower than GA, GB, GD, and VX. 

Numerous neurotoxic chemicals have been identified. These include pesticides (particularly, but not limited to, organophosphates and carbamates), aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, ketones, heavy metals (including lead, mercury, manganese, and others), and mixtures of these. Hundreds of individual chemicals are established or suspected neurotoxins [132]. The EPA Guidelines for Neurotoxicity Risk Assessment [4] and the Scorecard list of neurotoxicants [5] contain partial lists of neurotoxic chemicals. The actual number of chemicals with neurotoxic potential has been estimated to range between 3% and 28% of all of the approximately 80,000 chemicals in use (2400-22,400) [1]. Clearly, the number of mixtures possible is infinite, though little attention has been devoted to the neurotoxic effects of mixtures. 

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