Neurological properties

I start with the case for holding that one group of mental properties cannot possibly be neurological properties. 

Let s now see how similar points apply to mental properties. First, we need to outline the case for dualism about mental properties. We have seen that one class of mental properties - those we ascribe with the words pain, belief that snow is white, and so on those we believe a subject to instantiate when we use those words of them - cannot be neurological properties. They are some kind of functional property. But equally, as we also saw, it is a discovery of neuroscience that the causal roles played by mental properties are played by neurological properties. Moreover, the roles are those we take mental properties to play - what kind of state makes us wince pain This would seem to imply that mental properties are neurological properties, contrary to the conclusion reached earlier. What on earth is going on ... 

Optically active (3-amino acids are important as (3-lactam antibiotics and constiments of a variety of natural products that have pharmacological and neurological properties. They have been used in pharmaceutical research, and easily applicable methods for their enantiomeric analysis are necessary. The (18-crown-6)-2,3,l 1,12-tetracarboxylic acid is an excellent chiral NMR solvating agent for cyclic (3-amino acids and acyclic derivatives with aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic aromatic moieties. 

Patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) as antidepressant therapy have been especially subject to the hypertensive effects of vasoactive amines (52). These dietary amines have also been impHcated as causative agents ia migraine. Other aaturaHy occurring alkaloids (qv) have been recognized for centuries as possessing neurological stimulant and depressant properties. 

Steroids have long been used in the treatment of neurological injury. These highly lipophilic compounds have a high aflSnity for membrane bilayers. This property is key to their role in inhibition of lipid peroxidation. 

It has been revealed that cannabinoids exhibit neuroprotectant activities in both in vitro and in vivo models [249]. The neuroprotective effects are mainly based on regulation of transmitter release, modulation of calcium homeostasis, anti-oxidant properties and modulation of immune responses. A number of neurological disorders, including brain trauma, cerebral ischaemia, Parkinson s disease and Alzheimer s disease represent possible therapeutic areas for cannabinoids with neuroprotective properties. Cannabinoids are also suggested to have potential against glaucoma due to their neuroprotective nature and lowering of intraocular pressure [250]. 

The only information available regarding neurological effects in humans comes from a case report of an accidental poisoning of a man who swallowed varnish containing nitrobenzene dye and was admitted to the hospital in a deep coma. Based on the known properties of nitrobenzenes in general. 

The short chain fatty acids include butyrate derivatives Hke phenylbu-tyrate, AN-9 (pivaloyloxymethyl butyrate) and valproate. Unfortimately, these compounds have poor potency and pharmacokinetic properties, including short half-life. Numerous Phase I studies with phenylbutyrate, in various oral and intravenous schedules [118-120] have been performed, with neurological toxicity at higher doses being reported. AN-9 showed initial promise in a Phase I study, where the MTD was not reached [121]. The subsequent Phase II study in nonsmall cell lung cancer in 47 patients resulted in fatigue, nausea and dysgeusia as common toxicities. Three partial responses (PR)... 

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