Net operating margin

Net operating margin Net operating profit before taxes/sales 10-15%... 

Net operating margin net operating profit before taxes/sales (revenue) Varies... 

The net operating margin is equal to earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) divided by the net sales, again expressed as a percentage. This is a measure of a company s income performance before interest and taxes. 

The average return on net operating assets (RONOA) of the sample was 9%. The last two figures exemplify the capital intensity of custom manufacturing (CM)-biased fine-chemical companies. In order to achieve a good return of capital employed, a healthy margin is mandatory. A more standard... 

Since an inherent goal of any business is to be profitable, we can view profitability ratios as measures of overall success in the daily operations of a business. More specifically, profitability ratios provide a method to measure the overall financial success of a company. Examining profitability ratios allows managers to assess the company s level of success in generating profits. The most commonly used profitability ratios are the gross profit margin and the net profit margin. 

Net profit margin indicates the fraction of net profit that is generated for every dollar of sales. As mentioned earlier, as a profitability ratio, it could be used to determine how well the organization manages its operating expenses. It could also be used to compare the performance of two or more pharmacies within a chain or to assess the performance of a pharmacy against industry averages. 

These costs correspond to the net operating losses due to a maintenance problem that has caused a reduction in the rate of production in good condition. The loss of operating margin may increase operating costs or loss of business. Gross (2002). 

Plate-Column Capacity The maximum allowable capacity of a plate for handling gas and liquid flow is of primaiy importance because it fixes the minimum possible diameter of the column. For a constant hquid rate, increasing the gas rate results eventually in excessive entrainment and flooding. At the flood point it is difficult to obtain net downward flow of hquid, and any liquid fed to the column is carried out with the overheaa gas. Furthermore, the column inven-toiy of hquid increases, pressure drop across the column becomes quite large, and control becomes difficult. Rational design caUs for operation at a safe margin below this maximum aUowable condition. 

When liquids are being pumped, it is important to keep the pressure in the suction line above the vapor pressure of the fluid. The available head measured at the pump suction is called the net positive suction head available (NPSHA). At sea level, pumping 15°C (60°F) water with the impeller about 1 m below the surface, the NPSHA is about 9.1 m (30 ft). It increases with barometric pressure or with static head, and decreases as vapor pressure, friction, or entrance losses rise. Available NPSHA is the characteristic of the process and represents the difference between the existing absolute suction head and the vapor pressure at the process temperature. The required net positive suction head required (NPSHR), on the other hand, is a function of the pump design (Figure 2.121). It represents the minimum margin between suction head and vapor pressure at a particular capacity that is required for pump operation. Cavitation can occur at suction pres-... 

These are exactly the same as the vector rotations, and you should draw a small set of coordinate axes in the margin of your paper to figure out these rotations as you work with product operators (Fig. 7.12). Note that 13C net magnetization is not affected by a XH pulse (S-y - Sy). The effect of a 90° 13C pulse on the y axis is likewise the same as the vector model predicts ... 

Table V gives the return p( 70, tb, tT) for 1970-71 which would result from continuing to operate the old plant. There are of course 15 entries, one for each possible combination of construction date and repair date. The net profit p0( 70 — fr) for each overhaul date is given in the left margin the technological bonus Pb(tb), in the top margin. An entry in row tr and column tb, which is simply the sum of the value at the left of the row with that at the top of the column, is the actual profit p( 70, fb, t,) to be gained from the decision not to repair or build in 1970. The blank entries represent impossible combinations—plants repaired before they are built. The asterisks will be explained later.

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