Net accounts receivable

Many suppliers and merchants sell goods and services on account, and there is an expectation that these companies will receive payment from those who owe them cash. Realistically though, companies that extend credit or financing terms for payment do expect that there will be instances when payment will become uncollectable. The asset account on the balance sheet, accounts receivable, is adjusted to show what is owed less any payments that the company thinks it will not collect or any sales returns before cash being collected from the customer. 

When a payment owed is not collected, the amount not collected shows up on the income statement as bad debt eiqiense (or by another similar name), thus reducing net income. In such cases, companies have a choice of which method to use when valuing receivables and computing bad debt expense. One method, the direct write-off method, functions in this way When the actual loss occurs, that is, when the company knows that it will not get paid, it reduces accounts 

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Average collection period Net accounts receivable end of year Accounts receivable Average daily accounts receivables... 

Our preference for comparing generosity is the ratio of benefits to the total consumption of beneficiary households. This measure can be estimated using household surveys that collect information on household consumption and the value of safety net benefits received during a certain period. This measure is preferable, as it takes into account many of the complexities of the provision of safety net benefits and transforms them into a single index comparable across households and countries benefits are implicitly a regated at the household level, the unit where they are shared and used to finance consumption. ... 

Balance sheets are routinely prepared for a wide variety of businesses, such as manufacturing organizations and consulting firms, and not-for-profit entities. Accounts receivable often dominate the assets of consulting engineering firms, that is, accounts receivable are very large compared to tangible items, and may approximate a firm s net worth (James 1998). 

Accounts receivable turnover = Net credit sales/Net accounts... 

The change in net working capital associated with period t NWCt) is computed from the change in accounts receivable, plus the change in inventory, minus the change in accounts payable, plus any other financial expenses or incomes (EExt), as stated by Eq.(2.54). 

Quarter Profit after sales A Accounts receivable A Accounts payable Net investment Other expenses Change in invested capital Discounted free cash flows... 

The terms gross income or gross revenue used by accountants refer to the total amount of capital received as a result of the sale of goods or service. Net income or net revenue is the total profit remaining after deducting all costs, including taxes. 

We have seen that electron-transfer reactions can occur at one charged plate. What happens if one takes into account the second plate There, the electron transfer is from the solution to the plate or electronic conductor. Thus, if we consider the two electronic conductor-ionic conductor interfaces (namely, the whole cell), there is no net electron transfer. The electron outflow from one electronic conductor equals the inflow to the other that is, a purely chemical reaction (one not involving net electron ttansfer) can be carried out in an electrochemical cell. Such net reactions in an electrochemical cell turn out to be formally identical to the familiar thermally induced reactions of ordinary chemistry in which molecules collide with each other and form new species with new bonds. There are, however, fundamental differences between the ordinary chemical way of effecting a reaction and the less familiar electrical or electrochemical way, in which the reactants collide not with each other but with separated charge-transfer catalysts, as the two plates which serve as electron-exchange areas might well be called. One of the differences, of course, pertains to the facility with which the rate of a reaction in an electrochemical cell can be controlled all one has to do is electroiucally to control the power source. This ease of control arises because the electrochemical reaction rate is the rate at which the power source pushes out and receives back electrons after their journey around the circuit that includes (Figs. 1.4 and 1.5) the electrochemical cell. 

Patients older than 60 years are typically started on lower doses (2-5 mg/d) of warfarin [12,13], Several studies have shown that patients older than 60 years require lower maintenance dose of warfarin and that there is a trend toward lower doses with increasing age [12], A study of tolerability of warfarin during the first year of therapy showed that major hemorrhage rates are higher in patients aged 80 years or older (13.08 per 100 person-years versus 4.75 for those younger than 80 years) [42]. Many factors have been hypothesized to account for the reduced dose requirement with age. The net result is that older patients are treated very conservatively or do not receive warfarin at all. 

Tn recent years, the influence of counterions on the properties of A ionized monolayers has received much attention. Even though Davies (I) application of the Gouy-Chapman double layer theory to ionized monolayers represented a major advance in the understanding of the properties of these systems, it has been increasingly recognized that we must account for the different effects (i.e., specific counterion effects) that counterions of the same net charge may have on the charged mono-layer. Because of counterion sequence inversions which have been ob-... 

A profit and loss account (usually called an income and expenditure account in the case of non-profit making organizations) shows what has happened to an organization s financial position over a period of time—usually, again, the organization s financial year it records the money received and the money spent. Table 3.8 shows such an account for our imaginary student. It is important to observe that the excess of expenditure over income, that is, the amount that the student has overspent, is the same as the difference in his net worth between 1998 and 1999. This will usually be the case in simple situations where there has been no capital investment. In more compUcated cases, particularly with commercial organizations, other items enter into the relationship. 

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