Neral acetate

Caprylic m-Carveol Citral neral Decyl acetate a-Ionone Caryophyllene... 

Polshkov (2001) studied the effect of storage time and condition on the composition of coriander oil after 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months by GC-MS analysis. In the fresh specimen, the monoterpene hydrocarbons, y-terpinene and a-pinene, were detected in considerable amounts and camphor, linalyl acetate and geranyl acetate in smaller amounts. Aldehydes (neral, 2-decenal and undecenal) were also found. During 1 year of storage in the dark, the composition of the oil changed... 

D-Bornyl acetate (= Borneol acetate) (monoterpene) Cardenolides (triterpene glycosides aglycones) see Table 4.1 for cardenolide Na+, K+-ATPase inhibitors Citral (= mixture of a-Citral (Geranial) (3-Citral (Neral) = trans-St av-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal) (monoterpene) Citronellal (= 3,7-Dimethyloct-6-enal) (monoterpene) a-Farnesene (sesquiterpene)... 

The flavour properties of the citrus oils are based on compounds like aldehydes, esters and alcohols. Aldehydes play the most important role in citrus flavours. Mainly the saturated C-8, C-10 and C-12 long-chain constituents as well as the terpenoid aldehydes citral (a mixture of neral and geranial) and citronellal form the basic notes of the fresh and pleasant citms flavour. Also sesquiterpene aldehydes and ketones, such as sinensal or nootkatone, are significant for citms flavours. The aldehyde content, therefore, is frequently used as a quality criterion for citms oils. Important citms alcohols are linalool, octanol, a-terpineol (especially in distilled lime oil) and ter-pinen-4-ol. Furthermore, esters contribute to the flavour properties of citms oils. Especially the acetates of geraniol and nerol and, to a lesser extent, citronellol are... 

Neral, Geraniol, Thymol, Dragonhead Geranial, Carvacrol, Neryl Acetate, Geranyl acetate... 

Figure 1. Final content of citral (neral - black, geranial - grey) in solution after 8 weeks of storage in light in the presence of different substances-antioxidants 1 - control, 2 - linalool, 3 - lemonene, 4 -octyl acetate, 5 - 8 anise aldehyde (0.25 0.50 1 and 2 pl/ml correspondingly), 9-12 -vanillin (0.5 1 1.5 and 2 mg/ml correspondingly), 13 - anise aldehyde + vanillin.

In a research directed toward monoacetalation of sucrose (26) by treatment with citral 27 (geranial and neral), widely used as chemical intermediates in the perfume industry [16], Queneau et al. [17] determined conditions for optimized acidic catalysis in dimethylformamide (DMF) which afforded good yields (>80%) of acetals 28 directly from the unprotected 26 in comparison with those obtained in a oil bath. With prolonged reaction times, cleavage to acetal 29 occurred (Scheme 12.11). 

Methyl propionate 3-Methyl-5-propyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one Methyl propyl ketone Methyl tiglate Methyl p-toluate Methylundecanal dimethyl acetal Methyl 9-undecenoate Methyl 10-undecenoate Methyl valerate Methyl vanillate Musk ketone Musktibetene Myrcene Myrcenol Myrcenyl acetate Myristaldehyde Myrrh gum Myrtenol Myrtenyl acetate Myrtenyl formate Myrtle (Myrtus communis) extract Myrtle (Myrtus communis) oii P-Naphthyi isobutyl ether P-Naphthyl methyl ether Neral Nerol Neryl acetate Neryl butyrate Neryl formate Neryl isobutyrate Neryi isovaierate Neryi propionate Nona-2,4-dienai trans,trans-2,4-Nonadienal 2,6-Nonadien-1-ol... 

Esters constituted the largest family and included acetates (ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, butyl, isoamyl, and phenethyl), ethyl esters of fatty acids (propanoate, isobutanoate, butanoate, hexanoate, octanoate, 3-hydroxybutanoate, 3-hydroxyhexanoate and furcate), ethyl esters of organic acids (pyruvate, lactate, ethyl myristate, diethyl malate and, mono- and diethyl succinate) and various other esters, such as methyl butanoate, isobutyl lactate and phenylethyl octanoate. The acids quantified included isobutanoic, butanoic, hexanoic, octanoic, decanoic, lauiic and 3-methylbutanoic. The lactones included y-butyrolactone, pantolactone, y-decalactone and E- and Z-oak lactone and the terpenes included neral d-terpineol, P-dtronellol and Z-nerolidol. The aldehyde family comprised acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, furfural, 5-methylfurfural and octanal, and the phenol family included eugenol, 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol. Finally, 1,1-diethoxyethane, acetoin, sotolon, 2, 3-butanedione, p-cymene and methionol were also determined. 

Metabolic pathways of citronellol (258), citronellal (261), geraniol (271), nerol (272), citral [neral (275) and geranial (276)], and myrcene (302) are summarized in Figure 19.203 (Seubert and Fass, 1964 Hayashi et al., 1968 Rama Devi and Bhattacharyya, 1977a,b). Geraniol (271) is formed from citronellol (258), nerol (272), linalool (20, and geranyl acetate (270) and metabolized through... 

Brugmansia/Datura. Floral VOCs of two Brugmansia spp. [B. arborea (L.) Lagerh. sub nom. D. arborea (L.), B. Candida Pers. sub nom. D. Candida (Pers.) Safe.] and three Datura spp. [D. inoxia Mmc., D. metel L., D. stramonium L.] were analyzed by Kawashima (1996). The results showed rich blends of monoterpenes (e.g., ocimene, pinenes, Umonene, sabinene) and oxidized congeners including esters (e.g., linalool, linalyl acetate, citroneUol, nerol, neryl acetate, neral, geraniol, geranyl formate, camphor, carvone, 1,8-cineol, fenchol) (Fig. 7.2) beside members of different classes of metabolites (e.g., phenylpropanoids, fatty acid esters), but almost no sesquiterpenes. 

The fresh ginger root has a citrus and camphorlike, flowery, musty, fatty and green odor. In a column chromatographic preliminary separation of an extract, the characteristic aroma substances appeared in the fraction of the oxidized hydrocarbons. The highest FD factors in dilution analyses were obtained for geraniol, linalool, geranial, cit-ronellyl acetate, bomeol, 1,8-cineol and neral. 

Principal carriers ofthe smeU oflemons are P-pinene, (-)-terpinen-4-ol and citroneUol, whose smell is reminiscent of lemon peel, while a-bergamotene contributes significantly to the basic lemon odour. A high content of citral (isomeric aldehydes geranial and neral) and the presence of some alkanals, esters and alcohols, especially geranyl acetate, neryl acetate and a-bisabolol are very important. 

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