Neonates primidone

The answer is d. (Katzung, pp 411, 1029.) An increased incidence of spina bifida may occur with the use of valproic acid during pregnancy Cardiovascular, orofacial, and digital abnormalities may also occur. The main issue with the use of phenobarbital or primidone (metabolite is phe-nobarbital) for the fetus is neonatal dependence on barbiturates. 

Nau, H. et al.. Placental transfer and pharmacokinetics of primidone and its metabolites, phenobarbital, PEMA and hydroxyphenobarbital in neonates and infants of epileptic mothers, Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol, 18 18 2, 1980. 

Placental Transfer and Neonatal Disposition of Primidone and Its Metabolites in Man as Measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Using Selected Ion Monitoring... 

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