Negro troops

Three Battles Amaville, Altuzzo, and Schmidt The Women s Arrry Corps Civil Affairs Soldiers Become Governors Buying Aircraft Materid Procurement for the Arrry Air Forces The Empbyment of Negro Troops Manhattan The U.S. Army and the Atomic Bomb Pictorial Record... 

There were few Negro troops in the Army in the peacetime period, and prior to 1940 the number of Negro units provided for in the Protective Mobilization Plan (PMP) was decidedly limited. No provision was made for any Negro chemical units. In the summer of 1940 the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, recommended modification of the PMP in order to provide more Negro units. The CWS initially felt the effects of the new policy when the ist Chemical Decontamination Company, constituted as a white company in the PMP, was activated on i August 1940 at Fort Eustis, Virginia, as a Negro unit. ... 

Ulysses G. Lee, Employment of Negro Troops, a volume in preparation for the series UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II, is a detailed study of Negro troops throughout the Army. 

Memo, ASW for the President, 8 Oct 40. The President penciled his "OK and initials on this memo. Cited in Lee, Employment of Negro Troops, Ch, IV. 

Andrew K. Black, In the Service of the United States Comparative Mortality Among African-American and White Troops in the Union Army, Journal of Negro History 19 1994) 331. 

Andrew K. Black has indicated that incidents of malaria among black were considerably lower than among whites due to the fact that nearly all had previous exposure to malaria and had acquired either natural immunity or exhibited attenuated symptoms. See Andrew K. Black, In the Service of the United States Comparative Mortality Among African-American and White Troops in the Union Army, Journal of Negro History 79 (1994) 324-325. 

In the year 1577 English pirates crossed from the North to the South Sea, by the forests of Tierra Firme, with the aid of the fugitive negroes who inhabit those parts. But the captain and troops that I sent from here captured them all, so that of those who had been in the forests not one remained, so that others might not be able to undertake to do the like. Notwithstanding, his Majesty, in his great zeal for Christianity, has fortified and... 

From the spring of 1942 until the summer of 1943 seventy-five CWS troop units composed of Negroes were activated at various installations throughout the country. The seventy-five units consisted of the following 12 chemical mairitenance companies (aviation), 7 chemical depot companies (aviation), i chemical company (air operations), 20 chemical decontamination companies, 3 chemical processing companies, 30 chemical smoke generator companies, and 2 chemical service companies. Forty-one of those companies were eventually assigned to duty overseas. ... 

The chemical companies to which Negroes were assigned were, with one exception, service rather than combat in nature. The exception was the smoke generator company, and even this type of company in the early period of the war was considered more service than combat. Plans at that time called for the smoking of rear areas only, and the troops were trained for that mission. But as the war progressed these companies saw front-line action. Since the men were not trained for combat conditions, at first they made a poor showing. With experience these units improved tremendously and many of them had very good combat records. 

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