Near-point

Figure 2.20 Austenitic stainless steel plate from plate-and-frame heat exchanger. The orange oxide was formed from corrosion product originating at the regularly spaced pits. Pits are present near points of contact between adjacent plates. Corrugations run at right angles on adjacent plates.

The operating point shifts to near point 4 and beyond on the curve. It may conduct a current of 2..5-20 kA or more, during a very fast-rising voltage surge. 

The operating point 1 temporarily shifts to near point 3. Now also the current is also resistive and in the range of a few mA. 

We have found that the volume density tends to infinity differently near point, linear, and surface masses, and this fact influences the field behavior in the vicinity of such places. Of course, Equation (1.6) always allows us to calculate the field of attraction g. At the same time, in many cases the use of Equation (1.15) greatly simplifies this procedure. 

Now let us expend the normal potential near point i in a series and represent the potential at the point A of the earth s surface as... 

Of prime importance is the initial distribution of solids at the top of the apparatus. Figure 14 shows the bullet-head solids distributor designed for this purpose. Solids fed from a nearly point source falls on a bullet-shaped target from which they bounce off to land at some distance below, on a fall-breaker baffle which either straightens the particles into essentially vertical paths or simply redistributes them. 

An easy example of a 0-dimensional subscheme is a collection of distinct points. In this case, the length is equal to the number of points. When some points collide, more complicated subschemes appear. For example, when two points collide, we get infinitely near points, that is a pair of a point x and and a 1-dimensional subspace of the tangent space TxX. This shows difference between and the u-th symmetric product S X on which the information of the 1-dimensional subspace is lost. 

Then has colength 2, and hence Oxj J defines a zero-dimensional subscheme Z in X b We can regard Z as a set of 2 points in X infinitesimally attached with each other in the direction of v, and X l contains a set of this kind of infinitely near points in X. Actually, this gives a complete description of X b Namely,... 

A typical N2 adsorption measurement versus relative pressure over a solid that has both micropores and mesopores first involves essentially a mono-layer coverage of the surface up to point B shown in isotherm IV (lUPAC classification) in Figure 13.1. Up to and near point B the isotherm is similar to a Langmuir isotherm for which equilibrium is established between molecules adsorbing from the gas phase onto the bare surface and molecules desorbing from the adsorbed layer. The volume of adsorbed N2 that covers a monolayer volume, hence the surface area of N2 can then be determined from the slope of the linearized Langmuir plot when P/V is plotted against P ... 

Monitoring data indicated that the levels of PBDEs are increasing in freshwater aquatic organisms with higher concentrations near point sources. The congener profiles show the highest levels for BDE-47. 

RNA polymerases bind to DNA and initiate transcription at promoters (see Fig. 26-5), sites generally found near points at which RNA synthesis begins on the DNA template. The regulation of transcription initiation often entails changes in how RNA polymerase interacts with a promoter. 

Experimental determination of wavelengths near point of onset of rippling on films of various liquids flowing on a vertical wall. 

By measuring the differential conductance as a function of Vg and Vs,i we have shown that the increase of shot noise occurs exactly in the region of Vg-Vsd where two interacting impurities carry the current in a correlated way, region 2 in Fig. 3a. In Fig. 3a at small Vsd a cross-like feature is clearly seen near point R2 - the exact positions of the maxima of the conductance peaks of this line are indicated by circles. With increasing Vsd, however, a new parallel line Rl appears at Vg ps —1.694 V and Vsj 1 mV. This happens when the line R2 enters the central area of cross M - the maxima of the conductance peaks of the new line are shown by triangles. In Fig. 3b current noise and the Fano factor are presented as functions of Vsa for different Vg. One can see that the modulation of the current occurs in region (2) of the central area of cross M, between lines Rl and R2. 

Certain gotchas lurk here. What are optimal conditions Usually this means the conditions in which the object s details can be seen most clearly. For a small object held in the hand, this would be when the object is brought as close as possible and still seen clearly, that it, to the near point of the eye, about 25 cm for normal eyesight. For a distant mountain, one can t bring it close, so when determining the magnification of a telescope, we assume the object is very distant, or at infinity. 

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