Navigation conditions

Danish stations daily ice reports in the period 1956-1961 and annual descriptions of the ice winter (Ice and Navigational Conditions in Danish Waters) during the winters 1962-2005. 

PRUFER (1942) Four types of ice winters are distinguished by the parameter Eiswerf (ice value), which is based on the number of days with ice and on navigation conditions in ice ... 

Main safely of navigation condition during manoeuvre of turning can be formulated as foUows(Gucma 2008) ... 

The above model is valid only for similar navigational conditions, for given ships kind and on given water area (Fig. 8). 

Vessel characteristics and navigation conditions, including vessel types and size distributions, speed and loading conditions, navigation procedures, and hazards to navigation. 

The channel layout and geometry can affect the navigation conditions, the largest vessel size that can use the waterway, and the loading condition and speed of vessels. 

Worsened low-flow navigation conditions below points of diversion... 

The results of the presented analysis, were applied into the characteristics of propulsion system. On this basis, the operating point has changed in the area. Further analysis allowed to identify, among others, maximum power requirements for obtaining a desired speed under certain navigation conditions. 

Operating condition on Polish inland waterways significantly differ from conditions on other European waterways. Therefore problems considered in Polish society are often not encountered anywhere else. One of those issues is determinating operating conditions of propulsion system in frequently changing navigation conditions (it is extremely rare not to keep still navigation conditions on specific parts of river). (Kulczyk Winter, 2003). 

The creation of the rational risk management system before the delivery of engineering construction, especially, when such object could attract possible fatalities, are nowadays the standard in many countries. In this chapter some theoretical and practical aspects of the risk management are presented. The important are the measures of the risk assessment what ties in with the settlement of levels of its acceptance. Figure 3 presents the four main factors influent on collisions of ships with bridges. To navigational conditions need to be also considered. 

Review appropriate local pilot or captain ship maneuvering strategy and evaluate existing navigation conditions. 

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