Nausea pathophysiology

Data from DiPiro CV, Taylor AT. Nausea and vomiting. In DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et a I., (eds.) Pharmacotherapy A Pathophysiologic Approach. 6th ed. New York McGraw-Hill 2005 665-676, and Hesketh PJ, Kris MG, Grunberg SM, et al. Proposal for classifying the acute emetogenicity of cancer chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1 997 1 5 1 03-1 09. 

Cholinesterase inhibitors are the only class of drugs currently approved by most Health Authorities and recommended by professional associations (e.g. Doody et al.. 2001) for the symptomatic treatment of AD. However, ChE-Is intervene at a late stage of the pathophysiological cascade leading to AD (Fig. 7.2) furthermore, their efficacy is limited and they may cause a number of side effects, most frequently nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and dizziness. For these reasons, major efforts are being made to alter the biological processes... 

Gallium nitrate has been used as an alternative to bisphosphonates in hypercalcemia of malignancy (11), in which it is effective but associated with a higher frequency of renal toxicity (10%) and of nausea and vomiting (14%) than the bisphosphonates. The pathophysiology and treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy has been reviewed and the role of gallium nitrate considered (12,13). 

Lee M. Nausea and vomiting. In Feldman M, ed. Sleisenger and Fordtran s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Pathophysiology/ Diagnosis/Management. St. Louis, Elsevier, 2002 119—130. 

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