Nausea corticosteroids

For prophylaxis of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, the combination of a 5-HT3 antagonist and a corticosteroid is recommended for patients receiving highly eme-togenic cisplatin or non-cisplatin-based chemotherapy. 

Dexamethasone -corticosteroid -leukocytosis -nausea and vomiting -anorexia or increased appetite -CNS effects (psychosis, confusion) -fluid retention -hyperglycemia -osteoporosis... 

Both omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor and paclitaxel, a taxane cytotoxic may cause nausea and vomiting as side-effects. Prednisolone, as with other corticosteroids, does not cause nausea and vomiting. Corticosteroids such as dexamethasone are administered to relieve nausea and vomiting, particularly that associated with chemotherapy. 

Its most important adverse effects are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. The risks for nephrotoxicity can be limited by adequate hydration. Marked nausea and vomiting are frequent. Only mild-to-moderate myelosuppression is seen. Pseudo-allergic reactions may occur which respond to intravenous epinephrine and corticosteroids or antihistamines. 

In 1987 the xanthine derivative theophylline was the most commonly used medication in the treatment of asthma, followed by / 2-agonists, such as albuterol or ter-butaline, and inhaled corticosteroids, for example budesonide or flunisolide. Today, the most frequently used medication is inhaled / 2-agonists and it is expected that these therapy patterns have shifted toward greater use of inhaled corticosteroids [4, 5], Nevertheless, whether used alone or in combination with other therapies, corticosteroids do not consistently abrogate airway inflammation in patients with asthma common side effects associated with this type of drug are increased heart rate, nervousness, tremors, nasal irritation, nausea, and headaches [8, 10, 11],... 

The use of cytotoxic drugs with a high level of emetogenicity requires the prophylactic administration of a combination of a 5HT3-receptor antagonist and a corticosteroid to prevent the onset of acute nausea and vomiting (i.e. within the first 24 hours). 

There is little evidence supporting the use of 5HT3-receptor antagonists beyond the first 24 hours, and corticosteroids appear to be the most effective component of antiemetic regimens used to prevent delayed nausea and vomiting (American Society of Clinical Oncology et ah, 2006). 

Corticosteroids are commonly prescribed for moderate to severe Crohn s disease with short term efficacy probably related to their effect on inflammation. Anti-bacterials are commonly used as primary therapy in Crohn s disease. Common adverse effects of metronidazole are nausea and a metallic taste, hov ever peripheral neuropathy may result from long term use. Ciprofloxacin and similar antibacterials can be beneficial in those patients intolerant to mefi onidazole. 

Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with excellent inhibitory activity against HTV-l. Its most frequent adverse effects involve the central nervous system and the skin (1). At the start of therapy, dizziness, insomnia, or fatigue is observed in most patients, and headache and even psychotic reactions have also been observed. A maculopapular rash is seen in about 10%. These adverse effects usually vanish within the first 2-4 weeks of therapy (2). About 1-2% of individuals stop taking efavirenz because of neurological or dermatological adverse events. Administration of efavirenz at bedtime reduces the incidence of severe adverse effects, and the rash can be managed by short-term antihistamines or topical corticosteroids (1). Nausea and vomiting are less often observed than in patients treated with zidovudine, lamivudine, or indinavir. 

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