Natural system analogues construction

The outcomes of applying these natural system analogues to construction would be a built environment ... 

Nature shows how complicated it is to construct metal-containing macromolecules that are active but also selective with respect to a specific property. Natural systems do not need to exhibit a high stability towards storage and heat because the active materials are readily replaced. On the other hand, artificial systems must be more stable over time and towards heat. Therefore extreme demands are placed upon artificial metal-containing macromolecules. It IS important to point out that the fundamental behaviors of low molecular weight metal complexes will be shown also in macromolecular analogues. But these behaviors, and thus the properties, are strongly influenced by the kind of macromolecular environment or the kind of incorporation into a macromolecule. 

One of the principal themes of this book is the use of CA in modeling real physical systems and dynamics. To this end, it is important to address the question of what fundamental properties of physical systems can be appropriately abstracted from nature and embodied within abstract CA constructs. As observed earlier, some properties such as homogeneity and locality are automatically built in on the generic level. Another such property, namely the reversibility of microscopic dynamics, which plays such a fundamental role in physics, has its analogue in CA dynamics as well. 

The construction of biomembrane systems from polymers containing phosphatidylethanolamine and -choline analogues in the side chains by spreading at the air/water interface and by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique is of great interest [5,101,249,250]. Eor instance, multilayers of dipalmitoyl-DL-a-phosphatidylethanol methacrylamide polymerized imder y radiation resemble a natural phosphoHpid structure and show a fine lamellar structure with a periodicity the average monolayer was estimated to be 32 A thick [251]. 

The essential nature of this relationship is clear statistical theories are based on a number of simplifying assumptions consistent with chaotic behavior. Specifically,2 any such theory must satisfy microscopic reversibility and the condition of zero relevance. The latter condition requires that the final state be independent of all initial conditions other than conserved quantities, that is, from the viewpoint of classical mechanics, that the system display the relaxation characteristic of chaotic motion. We note, for reference, that this minimal set of requirements allows for the construction of a large number of theories,3 the most prominant of which are the RRK.M theory of uni-molecular dissociation4 and the phase space theory of bimolecular reactions.5 Such theories have analogues, and in some cases their origins are in other areas such as nuclear physics.6... 

The connective Pummerer sequence has been applied to the preparation of the 2-azaspiro[4.5]decane motif present in a number of important biologically active conpounds and natural products IFigure 20.31. The construction of this system is consequendy significant in the synthesis of new active analogues. Even where other methods are available, Pummerer routes offer new opportunities for the assembly of structurally varied congeners. 

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