The Principal Themes

One of the principal themes of this book is the use of CA in modeling real physical systems and dynamics. To this end, it is important to address the question of what fundamental properties of physical systems can be appropriately abstracted from nature and embodied within abstract CA constructs. As observed earlier, some properties such as homogeneity and locality are automatically built in on the generic level. Another such property, namely the reversibility of microscopic dynamics, which plays such a fundamental role in physics, has its analogue in CA dynamics as well. 

The first tests of this proposed method have been encouraging. On the basis of comparisons between rainfall rates measured with the differential reflectivity technique and with a network of rain gauges, Seliga et al. (1981) concluded that these first measurements of rainfall using the ZDR technique support the theoretical expectations... that rainfall rate measurements with radar can be made with good accuracy. So it may yet be possible to accurately measure rainfall with radar—provided that measurements are made with two orthogonally polarized beams. This exemplifies one of the principal themes of this book scattered polarized radiation contains information that may be put to good use. 

Extensive theoretical investigations devoted to calculation of residual stresses have been carried out for metals. The principal theme of this work is assumption that residual stresses and strains are the result of differences between pure elastic and elastic-plastic deformations under fixed loading.127 128 The same mechanism, i.e., the appearance of plastic deformed zones, is responsible for the residual stresses arising during crystallization of metals, which occurs on quenching from the melt or cooling after welding. 

The interaction of experiment and theory clearly delights John Albery— a colleague and friend to whom this chapter is dedicated. That interaction is the principal theme of this contribution. The examples given below are taken from the experiences of my research group in a number of fields in, or related to, reaction kinetics ... 

We finally arrive at a point where we can relate what we have learned to the principal theme of the text. Recall that small clusters essentially consist of surface whereas band theory applies to situations where the number of surface atoms is so small with respect to atoms in the bulk they can be ignored. In the Al77 cluster we have a shell-like structure of All A1i2 A144 (A1R)2o or a ratio of 20/57 = 0.35 surface to bulk. In addition, each of the 20 surface atoms is coordinated to... 

As for the reactions catalyzed by members of this third family of molybdenum enzymes, there are several variations from the principal theme of oxygen atom transfer. Formate dehydrogenase from E. coli catalyzes the oxidation of formate to CO2, a reaction that isotope studies have shown does not pass through a bicarbonate intermediate (Khangulov et al., 1998). Instead, it appears likely that C02is formed by direct hydride transfer from substrate to the molybdenum center. Polysulfide reductase is another molybdenum enzyme that catalyzes a non-canonical reaction the... 

We shall now briefly summarise aspects of stages 1 and 2 as they pertain to the principal theme of this presentation - determination of the relaxation contributions between the protons of an aglycon and those of a sugar. 

The principal themes of work in branched alkanes have therefore been (1) selectivities for isomerisation and cyclisation as opposed to hydrogenolysis, (2) the... 

The principal theme of this section is concerned with the involvement of ESCA or XPS in various metal matrix-based composite systems. This section will be devoted to boron-, nitrogen-, aluminum-, and titanium-based composite systems and some of the ESCA results have been published elsewhere by the authors. 

In addition, hazardous situations observed during an audit that might be the causal factors for serious injuries, illnesses, or fatalities are to be immediately communicated to the appropriate decision makers so that actions may be taken on a high-priority basis. This is in concert with one of the principal themes in this book—serious injury prevention. 

Gxnuj, F. R. N. (19S4). Chemical Specificity in Biological Interactions. (A collection of papers read by various authors, the principal theme being the formation of complexes of proteins with metals and with other molecules.) Academic Press, New York. 

Medical research has been extensive and covers more than three decades from the recognition of occupational bladder cancer in UK rubber workers. Other cancers have since been the focus of investigation, as have the patterns for various work-related health problems. Attention is increasingly being directed to the origins of these problems and particularly to the physical and chemical environment of the workplace. This attention provides the principal theme of this chapter, but for an appreciation of the breadth and detail of relevant medical research the reader is directed to the reviews listed in the BRMA Code of Practice and to the eminently readable monograph by Nutt. ... 

First of all, there were two centers foimded and led by Fmmkin the Department of Electrochemistry of Fomonosov Moscow State University (MGU) and the Institute of Electrochemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences (lEFAN). Their role was invaluable in the formation of modem theoretical concepts and also in the developments of applied electrochemistry. Organization of all aspects of EKhOS conferences, from selection of the principal theme to publication of the next volume of Progress of EKhOS, was held under the auspices of lEFAN. The Electrochemistry Department of the MGU published a textbook [21] focused on adsorption of organic substances on electrodes—an issue previously not addressed in any textbooks. Important contributions to the study of the adsorption of organic compoimds on the electrode were made by G.A. Tedoradze, A.B. Ershler, F.G. Feoktistov, and M.M. GoTdin, all at lEFAN (see G.A. Tedoradze [13], p. 23). 

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