Natural lithography

In order to investigate this effect, ordered arrays of metallic nano-islands were fabricated on glass substrates by a process of natural lithography using monodisperse polystyrene nanospheres. The metal particle dimensions were tailored in order to tune the plasmon resonance wavelength to match the spectral absorption of the fluorophore. The fluorophore, Cy5 dye, which is widely used in optical immunoassays and has a medium quantum efficiency ( 0.3), was used in this preliminary study of the plasmonic enhancement effect. 

Figure 17. AFM images of nanoisland arrays produced using natural lithography.

Figure 6.8 Different examples of colloidal templating, or natural lithography, used to make SERS-active surfaces starting from uniform spherical colloidal particles, usually of polystyrene or silica. (NPs, nanoparticles RIE, reactive ion etching.)...

Deckman, H.W. and Dunsmuir, J.H. (1982) Natural lithography. Applied Physics Letters, 41, 377-307. 

Windisch R., Dutta B., Kuijk M., Knobloch A., Meinlschmidt S., Schoberth S., Kiesel P., Borghs G., Doehler G. H., Heremans P. 40% efficient thin-film surface textured light-emitting diodes by optimization of natural lithography IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 47, 1492 (2000). 

Deckman HW, Dunsmir JH (1982) Natural lithography. Appl Phys Lett 41 377... 

Ag, Cu DP, porous AI2O3 or polystyrene colloidal crystal as mask Natural lithography, 50-100 nm size, starting from flat Si Ono et al. (2007)... 

GA is a natural biopolymer with wide industrial use as a stabilizer, a thickener, an emulsifier and in additive encapsulation not only in food industry but also in textiles, ceramics, lithography, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry (Verbeken et al., 2003). 

Wang, Q.H.,etal., Understanding and controlling the substrate effect on graphene electron-transfer chemistry via reactivity imprint lithography. Nature Chemistry, 2012. 4(9) p. 724-732. 

Fig. 5 Evaluation of a microstructured PMMA membrane generated by electron beam lithography, a The electron microscopic image indicates a perfect array of micropores. The insert shows a magnified view on a single pore, b The SPR image of the PMMA membrane reveals insufficient microstructuring, c The AFM image indicates a perfect topology of the micropores. No conclusion about the chemical nature of the bottom layer of the pore can be derived from the AFM data...

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