National Physical Laboratory, NPL

For details of MTDATA, contact the National Physical Laboratory (NPL)... 

In the United Kingdom chemical RMs were first produced some time in the late 1960 s at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) Division of Chemical Standards at Teddington. This Division was transferred to the Laboratory of the Government Chemist LGC in November 1978. Early work was based on the development of highly... 

The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) publish a number of reports on the durability of composites (www.npl.co.uk) and a database of environmental stress cracking data [17]. 

In a similar manner, the calibration of glassware, such as volumetric flasks, pipettes, burettes, measuring cylindres are duly carried out by specific methods recommended by Indian Standards Institution (ISI), British Standards Institution (BSI), National Physical Laboratory (NPL), United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) at specified temperatures (See Chapter 2). 

Note (1) The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) describes a method of reading meniscus in graduated glassware, viz., a dark horizontal line on a white background is placed 1 mm below the meniscus. A slight adjustment of the position of the dark line causes the meniscus to stand out sharply against the white background,... 

The ITS is an artifact scale, designed to relate temperature measurements made with practicable instruments as closely as possible to the thermodynamic scale. The scale is established and controlled by the International Committee of Weights and Measures (BIPM) through its Consultative Committee on Thermometry, which was established in 1937. The BIPM itself is established to maintain and implement the Treaty of the Meter, to which most nations of the wodd subscribe thus the ITS has not only scientific but legal status in most nations. Within nations, the Temperature Scale is maintained by national standards establishments, eg, in the United States the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), in England the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), and in Germany the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). 

Standard reference material (SRM) for wavelength accuracy, stray light, resolution check, and photometric accuracy can be purchased from NIST. Certified reference materials (CRMs) which are traceable to NIST and recertification services can be purchased from instrument manufacturers and commercial vendors [12]. The cost of neutral-density filters and prefabricated standard solutions in sealed cuvettes can be substantial. When purchasing performance verification standards from a secondary supplier other than a national standard organizations such as NIST in the United States and National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in the United Kingdom, make sure that the traceability of the standards are available in the certificates. The traceability establishes the relationship of individual results to the national standard through an unbroken chain of comparisons. 

The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) has a responsibility through the United Kingdom s Department of Trade and Industry s (DTI s) National Measurement... 

Mistress of Huddersfield Municipal High School in 1908. She moved south in 1913, taking a position as Chemistry Mistress at Clapham High School (a GPDSC school). Like so many other women chemists (see Chap. 12), Marshall started war work in 1916, in her case, with the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) as a Scientific Research Assistant, where she stayed for the remainder of her working life. 

Women chemists were employed as analysts at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). Their work, too, was mainly in the analysis of iron and steel samples for the Admiralty. It is noticeable, though, that 10 of the 12 Junior Assistants at the NPL were female while all of the Assistants, the Senior Assistants, and the Supervisor were male.41 The reports listing women s contributions, such as that of the NPL, provide only names and assigned duties. 

We wish to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for an Advanced Research Fellowship (AF/992781) and a Platform Grant, and the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) for funding the PhD. studentship of Marion Paraschi. Also, we wish to thank Professor J.G. Williams for valuable discussions on the ideas presented here. 

Since the late 1980s, the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) has organised 12 proficiency test exercises for a range of radionuclides including fission products and activation products of both reactor construction materials and nuclear fuel. This has, over the years, grown to encompass a number of actinides including This radionuclide, which has... 

One of the most promising dosimeters, which may under careful preparation and calibration, qualify as a reference dosimetry system, is L-a alanine as measured by EPR spectrometry (Regulla et al., 1993). It is also proving to be useful as a transfer dosimeters, as shown by its application in the IAEA International Dose Assurance Service (IDAS) (Nam and Regulla, 1989) and in the reference dosimetry service to industry by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). 

The work carried out under the VAM programme covers three broad technical themes - chemical measurement, physical measurement and biologically based analytical measurement. LGC is the lead contractor and works together with the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and Atomic Energy Authority Technology (AEAT) in delivering the VAM programme. 

Two measurements of h based on the general principles described here have been carried out. One done at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in 1988... 

Balsamo A, Di Ciommo M, Mugno R, Rebaglia BI, Ricci E, Grella R (1999) Evaluation of CMM uncertainty through Monte Carlo simulations. Ann CIRP -Manuf Technol 48(l) 425-428 Cox MG, Dainton MP, Harris PM (2001) Software specifications for uncertainty calculation and associated statistical analysis. National Physics Laboratory (NPL) report CMSC lOAll. National Physics Laboratory, Teddington... 

The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) is the UK s National Measurement Institute which sits at the heart of the NMS. For more than a century NPL has developed and maintained the UK s primary measurement standards. These standards underpin an infrastructure of traceability throughout the UK and fhe world which ensures accuracy and consistency in measurement The national primary standards, which constitute the basis of measurement in the UK, are maintained in strict accordance with internationally agreed recommendations. They are based on the International System of Units (SI). 

The major source of information on RMs, however, is the COMAR Data Bank, which is a joint enterprise between the Bundesanstalt fiir Material-forschung- und Priifung (BAM, Germany), the Labor-atoire National d Essais (LNE, France), and the National Physical Laboratory (NPL, United Kingdom). 

All instruments must be calibrated before use and be certified by some independent body. A calibration check on the complete measurement system, including probes, must be undertaken immediately prior to the qualification test. A standard temperature source or measurement device, traceable to an approved national standard such as the National Physical Laboratory (NPL UK) or National Bureau of Standards (NBS USA), is used. 

---