National Cancer Institute drug

Tew KD, Monks A, Barone L, Rosser D, Akerman G, Montali JA, Wheatley JB, Schmidt DE Jr. Glutathione-associated enzymes in the human cell lines of the National Cancer Institute Drug Screening Program. Mol Pharmacol 1996 50 149-159. 

Lee JS, Pauli K, Alvarez M, et al. Rhodamine efflux patterns predict P-glycoprotein substrates in the National Cancer Institute drug screen. Mol Pharmacol 1994 46 (4) 627-638. 

National Cancer Institute, drug screening protocol of, 392-394. 393f Natural products, cumbinaiuriul synthesis of. 47-48. 47f... 

Milne, M., Hazard, G.F.Jr., "National Cancer Institute Drug Research and Development Chemical Information System Substructure Search," 169th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, April, 1975. 

Present address National Drug Company, Research Laboratories, Philadelphia 44, Pennsylvania. Work done in the Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Ofg. Syntheses, 81, 56 (1951). 

Today, 3D databases, which provide the means for storing and searching for 3D information of compounds, are proven to be useful tools in drug discovery programs. This is well exemplified with the recent discovery of novel nonpeptide HIV-1 protease inhibitors using pharmacophore searches of the National Cancer Institute 3D structural database [13-15]. 

Camptothecin was discovered as an active anticancer drug isolated from the bark of Camptotheca acuminata. The anticancer activity of camptothecin was discovered in the 1960s by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as part of a systematic effort to screen for novel anticancer agents derived from natural products. Monroe Wall and Mansuhk Wani identified the chemical structure of camptothecin. They also identified the chemical structure of taxol, again under the auspices of the NCI. Susan Hoiwitz was contracted by the NCI to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of camptothecin. She found in the early 1970s that camptothecin induced DNA breaks and attested DNA and RNA synthesis. However, it is approximately 12 years later, only after DNA topo-isomerase I (Topi) had been identified in human cells, that Leroy Liu and his coworkers found that Topi was the cellular target of camptothecin [reviewed in [1]. 

Paclitaxel (Taxol, Bristol-Myers Squibb) is a chemotherapy drug for ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and certain lung cancers. It was discovered by the US National Cancer Institute in the 1960s. Originally, it was extracted from the bark of the North American yew tree (Taxus brevifo-lia). Clinical tests had necessitated the harvesting of the bark, and this method damaged the trees irreversibly. 

Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry Centers for Disease Control Consumer Product Safety Commission Environmental Protection Agency Food and Agriculture Organization Food and Drug Administration Food Safety and Inspection Service International Agency for Research on Cancer National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health... 

Cragg GM, BoydM. (1996) Drug discovery and development at the National Cancer Institute The role of natural products of plant origin. In Balick MJ, Elisabetsky E, Laird SA. (eds). Medicinal Plant Resources of the Tropical Forest, pp. 101-136, Columbia University Press, New York. 

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