Nasal immunization hepatitis

DNA-based vaccines have been recently developed for immunization to overcome the deficiencies of antigen-based vaccines. The major sites of delivery for DNA-based immunization include the oral, nasal, rectal, and vaginal mucosas. The ability of a hepatitis B surface antigen-encoding plasmid to induce... 

A 21-year-old woman developed acute irreversible loss of vision to 0.05 and a nasal visual field defect in the left eye 2 weeks after immunization with hepatitis A and B and yellow fever vaccine. An MRI scan showed hyper-intense thickening of the optic nerve, and a diagnosis of optic neuritis was made. Vision acuity did not recover but the scotoma disappeared within 6 weeks. 

Khatii, K., Goyal, A.K., Gupta, P.N., Mishra, N., and Vyas, S.P. 2008a. Plasmid DNA loaded chitosan nanoparticles for nasal mucosal immunization against hepatitis B. In. J. Pharm. 354 235-241. 

Chitosan based lipid NPs act as large molecule carrier especially proteins/DNA. There are various reports available on the delivery of DNA/protein via Chitosan based lipid NPs. Khatri et al., explored plasmid DNA loaded chitosan NPs for nasal mucosal immunization against hepatitis B [317]. 

Borges O, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Tavares J, Santarem N, de Sousa A, Borchard G, Junginger HE (2008) Immune response by nasal delivery of hepatitis B stnface antigen and codelivery of a CpG ODN in alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 69(2) 405-416... 

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