Napthene aromatics

The carbon yield from pitches can be understood by studying the yields of the generic components of pitch using the method of corbett (1,2). The amounts of saturates, napthene-aromatics, polar aromatics asphalentenes can be determined for different pitches for various... 

The napthene aromatics, which are low-molecular-weight compounds with saturated ring... 

Even after hydrogenation, napthenic and paraffinic oils differ. Napthenics will contain a higher level of cycloparaffins (from the higher initial level and the hydrogenated aromatics) whereas paraffinics will contain more branched and linear species. As a result, napthenic oils have a higher 7g than paraffinic oils... 

The naphthenes and aromatics both have cyclic (or ring-like) molecular structures and both possess high octane numbers. Napthenes are saturated and aromatics contain alternate double bonds on their ring. They are typically found in gasoline. The naphthenes also are an important part of kerosene. 

Figure 1. The saturate, napthene-aromatlc, polar aromatic, and asphaltene content of vallous pitches and heavy oils.

The next example shows how catalyst bifunctionaUty can arise from the support material. Platinum metal dehydrogenates napthenes to give aromatic compounds, but it is not able to isomerize or cyclize n-alkanes. This function is adopted by the AI2O3 support with its acidic properties. The cooperation of the two catalyst components is shown schematically for the reforming of n-hexane in Scheme 5-5 [T20]. 

Organic compounds Aliphatic, aromatic, polar compounds, e.g. fatty acids, oil, grease, benzene, phenol, napthenic adds... 

The petrochemical processes covered in this chapter inciude those that use or produce benzene, BTX aromatics, ethyibenzene, ethyiene giycoi, mixed xyienes, oiefins, paraxyiene, poiyethyiene, xyiene isomerization, and ethyiene. The benzene process uses heated hydrogen, toiuene, and heavy aromatic feedstock to produce high-purity benzene and heavier aromatics by passing it over a fixed cataiyst bed. The BTX aromatics process passes a feedstock composed of paraffin, napthenes, and aromatics through a series of fiuidized-bed reactors. Ethyibenzene manufacturing... 

Four 150 Neutral Base Oils of different degree and type of refining (API group I to IV) have been used for formulating the desired blend. These base oils have been characterized for paraffinic, aromatic and napthenic contents by Infra Red spectroscopy technique and sulfur content by X-ray fluorescence technique. Brief characteristics of these base oils have been summarized in Table 2. 

Although not presented here, it can be shown that the M-VDW parameters can be calculated from group contributions. This makes possible the calculation of heavy hydrocarbon parameters without a knowledge of the critical constants. By this method, paraffin, napthene, and aromatic solvent effects can be taken into account without knowing the actual compounds present in a given hydrocarbon fraction. 

Paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, napthenes and aromatic compounds. 

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