Nanostructures properties - composite membranes

A follow-up study demonstrated that Qi phases further enhance the performance of LLC-BR composite membranes in both water transport and harmful chemical vapor rejection [170]. A cross-linkable, gemini phospho-nium amphiphile (Fig. 23) was blended with BR and cross-linked to form films exhibiting a Qi-phase nanostructure. Materials with a Qi-phase showed 300 times greater water vapor permeability and 500 times greater permeability selectivity for water/CEES than pure cross-linked BR. Furthermore, these Qi-phase composite films were far superior to their Hu and L analogues in both water vapor permeability and water/CEES transport selectivity. Further studies were planned to process thinner films as well as test their rejection properties against other types of chemical agents. 

Development and application of composites containing nanostructured forms of metals open new horizons in creation of novel composite materials with controlled-quality properties and their usage in various kinds of human activity medicine, nanophotonics, catalytic chemical and refining processes, membrane technology, ecology, climate-monitoring systems, pure energetic, etc. 

The need to overcome the disadvantages of each class of membrane drives research for novel, composite materials that combine the advantageous properties of each class [159]. LLCs have potential to offer desirable hybrids of these two types of materials, as they allow for the incorporation of a porous, ordered nanostructure within an otherwise dense film. LLC membranes capable of performing several different applications, such as... 

Referring to microbial cellulose applications, bacterial nanocellulose has proven to be a remarkably versatile biomaterial with use in paper products, electronics, acoustic membranes, reinforcement of composite materials, membrane filters, hydraulic fracturing fluids, edible food packaging films, and due to its unique nanostructure and properties, in numerous medical and tissue-engineered applications (tissue-engineered constructs, wound healing devices, etc). 

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