Nanostructured materials milling

Nanoprocessing in Solid State in High-Energy Ball Mills 1.3.1 Processes for the Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials... 

I.V. Uvarova, M.P. Savyak, I.M. Zabrodsky, D.P. Ziatkewych, L.P. Isaewa, 1.1. Timofeewa. Mechanical milling and mechanochemical synthesis of refractory compounds. Nanostructure materials. Physical chemical foundations of powder metallurgy technology. Kyiv 2003. 

Koch, C.C., Synthesis of nanostructured materials by mechanical milling problems and opportunities, Nanostruct. Mater, 9, 13, 1997. 

Nanoparticles can be produced by mechanical attrition. Such nanoparticles are formed in a mill in which energy is used to transform course-grained materials into nanostructured powders. The particles themselves can have a size distribution of less than 100 nm, called a nanoparticle, or, as is common in materials milled nsing mechanical attrition, the product is highly crystaUine, and the crystallite size after milling is between 1 and 10 nm in diameter, called nanocrystalline materials [1]. 

The following chapters present the general aspects of different synthesis of nanostructured materials, such as Combustion Synthesis (Chap. 2), Spray Pyrolysis (Chap. 3), Electro spinning (Chap. 4), Catalytical Chemical Vapor Deposition applied in the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotubes Forests (Chap. 5), Hydrothermal Synthesis (Chap. 6) and High-Energy Milling (Chap. 7). 

Suryanarayana C. (2D04),Mechanical Alloying and Milling. New York Marcel Dekker, Inc. Suryanarayana C. (2005), Recent Developments in Nanostructured Materials , [Pg.211]

Figure 9.8. Influence of reactive gases on ion milling of delicate materials. The top figure shows an InP specimen after regular Ar-ion etching. Islands of metallic indium are formed by this process. The bottom figure shows same material thinned by iodine-jet-assisted ion etching (CAIBE). The islands are not formed and actual nanostructural features can now be studied. (Adapted from Ref. 30.)...

Off board recharging - Production plant for containers with nanostructured hydrogen storage material (e.g. by ball milling)... 

Fig. 1.1 A novel vision of refueling/retail station for fuel cell-powered vehicles based on the concept of the off-board recharging of spent hydride fuel and the mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured hydrogen storage materials in ball-mill plants. Such is not the currently accepted vision of hydrogen economy but one which may turn out to be viable alternative to onboard...

The top-down approach starts with a bulk material and attempts to break it down into nanoscaled materials through physical methods. Hence, most of these techniques are really forms of fabrication rather than synthesis. For nanostructured bulk phases, including powders, the common methods are milling, devitrification of metallic glass, and severe plastic deformation. For nanocrystalline thin films (films with nanosized crystallites), methods include thermal vaporization (under high vacuum), laser ablation, and sputtering (thermal plasma), all of which were... 

It has been reported in the past decade that a substantial enhancement of hydrogen sorption/desorption properties of various hydrides could be achieved by creating nanostructured/nanocomposite materials using mechanical alloying (MA) and/or milling (MM) [7,8], In this context nanostructured/nanocomposite means that each phase present in the individual powder particle of the alloy is in the form of grains with nanometer size. In other words, one powder particle can be considered as a... 

Tan O. K., Cao W., Hu Y, and Zhu W., Nanostructured oxides by high-energy ball milling technique Application as gas sensing materials. Solid State Ionics, 172, 309-316, 2004. 

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