Nanostructured biomaterials

The major current approaches to making nanostmctured biomaterials fall under the following headings (Saji et al., 2010)  

Ttie interface between the metai and the modified iayer can be prone to corrosion. 

Stress, locai defects, chemicais empipyed in narxrstructuring, etc., can cause corrosion prone areas. 

More protective passive film due to nanotopography. More effective b er protection. 

Non-uniform distribution of nano-component may lead to preferential dissolution. 

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Murugan, R. and Ramakrishna S. (2005) Handbook of Nanostructured Biomaterials and Their Applications in Nanobiotechnology (ed. Hari Singh Nalwa), American Scientific Publishers, Stevenson Ranch, Vol. 2, pp. 141-148. 

THE INTERACTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED BIOMATERIALS WITH HUMAN CELL CULTURES. THE CHOICE OF CELL CULTURES FOR USE AS BIOCOMPATABILITY PROBES... 

Jones, D.B. and Middelberg, A.P.J. Micromechanical testing of interfacial protein networks demonstrates ensemble behavior characteristic of a nanostructured biomaterial, Langmuir, 18, 5585, 2002. 

Sources Alvarez-Lorenzo, C. and Concheiro, A., Ocular dmg delivery from nanostructured contact lenses, in Nanostructured Biomaterials for Overcoming Biological Barriers, Jose Alonso, M. and Csaba, N.S., Eds., The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, U.K., 2012 Shah, C. etal., Ophtalmol. Clin. North Am., 16(1), 95, 2003 DeNaeyer, G.W., Exploring the therapeuhc applications of contact lenses, New O.D. December 11-15, 2008. 

Alvarez-Lorenzo, C. Concheiro, A. Ocular drug delivery from nanostructured contact lenses. In Nanostructured Biomaterials for Overcoming Biological Barriers, Jose Alonso, M. Csaba, N.S., Eds. The Royal Society of Chemistry Cambridge, U.K., 2012. 

Mumgan, R., Ramakrishna, S., 2004a. Nanostructured biomaterials. In Nalwa, H.S. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 7. American Scientific... 

Nanostructured materials obtained by sol-gel encapsulation of biomolecules are a novel class of biomaterials. The biological macromolecules, confined within the nanometer-size pores of the matrix, show both similarities to and differences from solution characteristics. The effects of nanoconfinement on the structural and reactivity patterns of the proteins and enzymes are discussed. The applications of these nanostructured biomaterials in the area of molecular biorecognition, detection, and biosensing are also presented. 

Both ternary nanocomposites (CG/PB/MA-MMA and CG/PB/MA-VA) present a partially exfoliated lamellar structure (Fig. 9). In the nanocomposites with hydrophobic comonomer (MMA) the degree of interaction is stronger at basic pH, thus we obtain partially exfoliated nanostructured biomaterials. When we use hydrophilic comonomer (VA), the degree of interaction is stronger at acidic pH. For biocompatibility tests, we select the nanocomposite with hydrophobic comonomer. The strong degree of interaction for the hydrophobic comonomer reflects itself in an improved thermal stability (Table 4). 

Yu SH (2005) Biomineralized inorganic materials. In Nalwa HS (ed) Handbook of nanostructured biomaterials and their applications, vol 1. American Scientific, Los Angeles, pp 1-69... 

Nalwa, H. S., ed. 2005. Handbook of Nano structured Biomaterials and Their Applications in Nanobiotechnology. (2 vols.) Stevenson Ranch, CA American Scientific. This set covers all aspects of the nanostructured biomaterials (vol. 1) and appUcations of biomaterials (vol. 2), including cardiovascular, orthopedic, and dental appUcations. Broadly speaking, all important aspects dealing with the chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering of nanostructured biomaterials and their applications in nanobiolechnology are covered. 

Abstract There is enormous interest in nanostructuied biomaterials as they can stimulate tissue-biomaterial interaction more effectively. Research is focused on developing advanced nanostructured biomaterials. The major strategies include fabrication of nanocomposites, surface nanostructuring and nanostructured coatings. A potential issue of concern in terms of biocompatibility is the corrosion resistance of the modified biomaterials. 

Nanostructured Biomaterials for Overcoming Biological Barriers 23 Physico-Chemical and Computational Approaches to Drug Discovery 24 Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury 25 Drug Discovery from Natural Products 26 Anti-Inflammatory Drug Discovery... 

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