Nanospheres oral administration

Jani, P. et al., The Uptake and Translocation of Latex Nanospheres and Microspheres after Oral-Administration to Rats, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 41, 809, 1989. 

Damge, C., et al. 1997. Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanospheres for oral administration of insulin. J Pharm Sci 86 1403. 

Jani, P., Halbert, G. W., Langridge, J.,and Florence, T. The uptake and translocation of latex nanospheres and microspheres after oral administration to rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 41 809-812, 1989. 

Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanocapsules were successfully used for oral administration of insulin in diabetic rats. Insulin-loaded nanospheres (100 lU/kg of body weight) that were administered perorally in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats provoked a 50% decrease of fasted-glycemia from the second hour up to 10-13 days. When " C-labeled nanospheres loaded with insulin were used, it was found that nanospheres increased the uptake of insulin or its metabolites in the GIT, blood, and liver, while the excretion was delayed when compared with 1 insulin nonassociated to naiiospheres in addition, C and 1 radioactivities disappeared progressively as a function of time, parallel to the biological effect. 

Gutierro I, Hernandez RM, Igartua M et al (2002) Size dependent immune response after subcutaneous, oral and intranasal administration of BSA loaded nanospheres. Vaccine 21 67-77... 

Nevertheless, their potential use in large treatments will depend on systemic actions, since the beneficial effects may be counterbalanced by deleterious consequences on the cardiovascular (Hegele-Hartung et al. 1997) and skeletal systems (Gallagher et al. 1993). Moreover, most pure antiestrogens have a poor oral bio availability. Therefore, the use of other routes of administration, such as intravenously, is mandatory. In some cases, to circumvent such problems, the production of nanospheres loaded with the pure antiestrogen RU 58668 has been tested (Ameller et al. 2004). 

Radwan, M.A. Enhancement of absorption of insulin-loaded polyisobutylcyanoacrylate nanospheres by sodium cholate after oral and subcutaneous administration in diabetic rats. Drug Deliv. Int. Pharm., 9, 981, 2001. 

Although it appears that the majority of work with PLGA microspheres for oral delivery is directed toward vaccine administration, PLGA nanospheres have also been investigated as a potential alternate oral delivery system for cyclosporin (Sanchez et al, 1993). 

---