Nanoporous inorganic materials

M. Alvaro, A. Corma, B. Ferrer, M.S. Galletero, H. Garcia, and E. Peris, Increasing the stability of electroluminescent phenylene vinylene polymers by encapsulation in nanoporous inorganic materials, Chem. Mater., 16 2142-2147, 2004. 

For example, it will be possible to design peptides that aggregate in well-defined morphology, for example, fibrils of specific and controllable width and twist pitch to act as versatile templates for nanoporous inorganic materials (e.g., silica nanotubes) (Meegan et al., 2004). Another opportunity that opens up will be the ability to produce by precise molecular engineering, a... 

The rapid and eye-catching developments in the area of nanoporous inorganic materials over the last decade have been paralleled by work on systems in which... 

Zeolites are crystalline nanoporous inorganic materials formed by TO tetrahedra (T=Si, Al, P, etc.), which show widespread applications in many industrial processes such as catalysis, adsorption, and separation [1-3]. In the 1940s, Barrer and Milton opened up the avenue to the synthesis of zeolites. Since then, there have been considerable efforts in the synthesis of new zeolite materials. Up to Jun. 2013, 206 types of zeolite materials have been identified by the Structure Commission of the International Zeolite Association (IZA), each of which has been named with a three-letter code [4]. Table 1 presents the new framework types approved since the 16th International Zeolite Conference (IZC-16) in 2010. 

Fig. 9 Schematic representation of three approaches to generate nanoporous and meso-porous materials with block copolymers, a Block copolymer micelle templating for mesoporous inorganic materials. Block copolymer micelles form a hexagonal array. Silicate species then occupy the spaces between the cylinders. The final removal of micelle template leaves hollow cylinders, b Block copolymer matrix for nanoporous materials. Block copolymers form hexagonal cylinder phase in bulk or thin film state. Subsequent crosslinking fixes the matrix hollow channels are generated by removing the minor phase, c Rod-coil block copolymer for microporous materials. Solution-cast micellar films consisted of multilayers of hexagonally ordered arrays of spherical holes. (Adapted from [33])...

The generation of nanoporous polymeric materials with controllable pore dimensions serves as an alternative to the inorganic counterparts, as in zeolites. The... 

In this review, nanoporous dielectric materials have been presented. The preparation techniques, methods of pore generation, and materials classification were discussed. Inorganic, organic, and hybrid films were also discussed. The nanoporous dielectric films were classified by preparation method, which includes block copolymer, solvent as porogen approach, surfactant templating, and sol-gel approach. This is still a very active field of research because no one film has satisfied all the stringent requirements in semiconductor device processing. 

MMMs consist of a continuous polymeric phase wherein nanoporous or dense inorganic materials such as sUica,... 

The aim of the present study is to develop new methods for the fabrication of nanoporous biopolymer materials by combining recent advances in the field of elaboration of nanostructured inorganic materials and biodegradable polymer. For this purpose we synthesized poly(DL-lactide) (PDLLA) copolymerized with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). 

Naturally, the success of inorganic materials to form nanoporous materials has promoted the development of analogous polymers. More importantly, advances in polymer synthesis and novel processing techniques have led to various nanoporous polymers. 

Entrapped Lipases as Biocatalysts. Confinement within siUca gels does not only protect enzymes against denaturation. It can also provide a chemical surrounding that favors the enzymatic activity. The ability to tailor the matrix properties, by modifying sol-gel chemistry, enables optimization of the bioactivity of encapsulated enzymes. Hybrid materials can be used to control the polarity of the internal environment within the nanopores. Hydrophobic hybrid organic-inorganic materials can then be produced. They are more suitable for the encapsulation of hpophilic enzymes that would not remain functional in polar matrices (Gill, 1998 Brennan, 1999). 

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