Nanoparticles Inorganic nanotubes

R. Tenne, Advances in the synthesis of inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42 (2003) 5124. 

III. SYNTHESIS OF INORGANIC NANOTUBES AND FULLERENE-LIKE NANOPARTICLES... 

The potential applications of inorganic nanotubes as tips for scanning probe microscopy for the study of soft tissue rough surfaces and for nanolithography is further discussed in this chapter (Section VI). Most importantly, these kinds of nanoparticles exhibit interesting tribological properties, which are briefly discussed. 

Son SJ, Bai X, Lee SB (2007a) Inorganic hollow nanoparticles and nanotubes in nanomedicine. Part 1. Drug/gene delivery applications. Drug Discov Today 12 650-656. 

MEM devices, thin films, (fullerenes, nanotubes, nanofibers, integrated circuits) dendritic polymers, nanoparticles, inorganic-organic nanocomposites nanoelectronic devices)... 

Synthesis of Inorganic Nanotubes and Fullerene-like Nanoparticles... 

Nanostructured materials or nanocomposites based on polymers have been an area of intense industrial and academic research over the past one-and-a-half decades [7-12]. In principle, nanocomposites are an extreme case of composite materials in which interface interactions between two phases are maximized. In the literature, the term nanocomposite is generally used for polymers with submicrometer dispersions. In polymer-based nanocomposites, nanometersized particles of inorganic or organic materials are homogeneously dispersed as separate particles in a polymer matrix. This is one way of characterizing this type of material. There is, in fact, a wide variety of nanoparticles and a way to differentiate them and to classify them by the number of nanoscale dimensions they possess. Their shape varies and includes (i) one-dimensional needle- or tube-like structures, for example, inorganic nanotubes, carbon nanotubes, sepio-lites, and so on (ii) two-dimensional platelet structures, for... 

Tenne, R. (2006) Inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles. Nature Nanotechnology, 1,103-111. 

A dispersion is instead a mixture in which the less abundant compound is dispersed, but not molecularly dissolved, in the other component. Examples are a dispersion of a solid phase (powder, nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nanotubes, etc) in a solvent, which is called a suspension, or a dispersion of an immiscible liquid phase in a second liquid, which is called an emulsion. Milk and mayonnaise are familiar examples of emulsions. Aerosols are dispersions of tiny liquid droplets or solid particles in a continuous gaseous phase. The science of aerosols is particularly relevant in order to design filter elements able to remove droplets and particles from air, which can be performed with very high efficiency by polymer nanofibers (Section 4.3.1). Finally, another way to indicate homogeneously mixed dispersions, emulsions or aerosols of nano- or microparticles is colloids. Colloidal dispersions of inorganic nanocrystals or organic nanofibers are familiar examples for nanotechnologists. 

Rapoport, L., Fleischer, N. and Tenne, R. (2005a) Applications of WS2 (M0S2) inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles for solid lubrication and for structural nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 15 (18), 1782-1788. 

Tenne R Inorganic nanotubes and fuUerene-hke nanoparticles, Nat Nanotechnol 1 103-111, 2006. 

The approaches used for preparation of inorganic nanomaterials can be divided into two broad categories solution-phase colloidal synthesis and gas-phase synthesis. Metal and semiconductor nanoparticles are usually synthesized via solution-phase colloidal techniques,4,913 whereas high-temperature gas-phase processes like chemical vapor deposition (CVD), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and vapor transfer are widely used for synthesis of high-quality semiconductor nanowires and carbon nanotubes.6,7 Such division reflects only the current research bias, as promising routes to metallic nanoparticles are also available based on vapor condensation14 and colloidal syntheses of high-quality semiconductor nanowires.15... 

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