Nanoparticles, conductive diamond

In Chapter 24, Duo and coworkers discuss metal oxide nanoparticle reactivity on synthetic boron-doped diamond surfaces. Lamy and Leger treat electrocatalysis with electron-conducting polymers in the presence of noble metal nanoparticles, and new nanostructure materials for electrocatalysis are the subject of the final chapter, by Alonso-Vante. 

Conductive Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles on Synthetic Boron-Doped Diamond Surfaces... 

Jang and Choi [26] numerically investigated the cooling performance of a microchannel heat sink with nanofluids. Two kinds of nanofluids were investigated in this study, i.e., d = 6 nm nanoparticles in a copper-water mixture and dp = 2 nm diamond-in-water nanofluid. A theoretical model was employed for the thermal conductivity of nanofluids that accounts for four modes of energy transport the thermal diffusion in the base fluid, the thermal diffusion of nanoparticles, the collision between the nanoparticles, and the nanoconvection due to Brownian motion. Specifically,... 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) Diamond nanoparticles Nanofluids Thermal conductivity... 

Plasma Treatment of Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes for Nanofluids, Fig. 8 The effects of OJ CH4 ratio used for plasma treatment on thermal conductivity of the resulting nanofluids with addition of 0.15 vol.% plasma-treated diamond nanoparticles into water. TTie thermal conductivities were measured after 1.0 h settling time. Plasma treatment ctmditions were 60 mTorr pressure, 4 W RF power, and 60 min treatment time... 

Effect of Plasma Treatment Time The water surface contact angle measurement and thermal conductivity measurement showed that plasma treatment of diamond nanoparticles with 1 1 ratio of O2/CH4 gave rise to the best surface wettability and the highest thermal conductivity of the resulting nanofluids. Using plasma gas mixture with a fixed O2/CH4 ratio of 1 1, therefore, effects of plasma treatment time on thermal conductivities of the resulting... 

Stability of the Resulting Nanofluids We have recently reported that plasma treatment of diamond nanoparticles significantly improved their suspension stability in water [10]. After 45-day sediment test, the nanofluids using plasma-treated diamond nanoparticles did not give any phase separation, while the nanofluids using untreated controls showed clear phase separation of water. In this study, the settling time dependence of the nanofluid thermal conductivity... 

From Fig. 10, it was noted that with the same amount nanoparticle addition of 0.15 vol.%, nanofluids using plasma-treated nanoparticles gave much higher thermal conductivity than that using untreated nanoparticles. It was usually observed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is proportional to the volume fraction of nanoparticles added in base liquid media. Results shown in this study suggest that plasma treatment of diamond nanoparticles could well disperse the nanoparticles in water and thus increase the thermal conductivity of the resulting nanofluids. It is suspected that the enhanced interfacial interactions between nanoparticles and water fluids due to introduction of polar surface functionalities by plasma treatment could be another important factor contributed to the thermal conductivity increase of the resulting nanofluids. 

As shown in Fig. 10, for plasma-treated diamond nanofluids, about 20 % thermal conductivity increase was observed with addition of 0.15 vol.% of plasma-treated diamond nanoparticle. Despite of the higher thermal conductivity of CNTs than diamond materials, no significant increase in thermal conductivity was observed fi om stable plasma-treated CNT nanofluids. This finding suggests that nanofluid thermal conductivity is affected more by the dispersion stability of nanomaterials than thermal conductivities of nanomaterials themselves. 

Additional novel particles, including nylon 66, alumina, " gold, garnet, diamond, graphite, polyaniline, and boron nitride nanosheets, and nanoparticles of low molecular weight borate esters, have been introduced to increase ionic conductivities. Boron-doped PDMS has been used as scintillators for thermal neutron detection. Nanowires of ZnO have been inserted into PDMS to give tunable, flexible antireflection layers, and ZnO has also been introduced into such polymers as quantum dots. Similarly, color-tunable luminescent... 

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