Nanoparticle morphology nature

CZTSe nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 200-300 nm were also prepared by solvothermal method without using any surfactant or tern-plate. p-XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, EDX, FEG-SEM and TEM techniques have been used to study the structure, stoichiometric composition and morphology of CZTSe nanoparticles. Monophasic nature and nearly stoichiometric composition of the CZTSe nanoparticles was observed in characterization. CZTSe nanoparticles were drop-casted onto FTO substrate and used as counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) which demonstrated an efficiency of 3.85%. 

A natural offshoot of the nanotechnology connection articulated in Section 2.1 is the capability of the FRRPP process in generating nanoscale polymers. It has been mentioned in the literature that size scale of nanoparticles for medical applications have been at least 10 nm in size. Based on the results indicated in Section 2.1, FRRPP-based nanoparticles can go down to 1 nm thus, these materials can easily find uses in medical applications, especially if they are the multifunctional type. Still, the author will classify this type of nanoparticle morphology as homogeneous. They could be made up of homopolymers, statistical copolymers, and even block copolymers with surface functionalities for attaching or binding with various bioactive agents. 

Bendahou, A., Kaddami, H., and Dufresne, A. (2010) Macromolecular nanotechnology investigation on the effect of cellulosic nanoparticles morphology on the properties of natural rubber based nanocomposites. Eur. Polym. J., 46, 609—620. 

The results of the mechanical properties can be explained on the basis of morphology. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of fractured samples of biocomposites at 40 phr loading are shown in figure. 3. It can be seen that all the bionanofillers are well dispersed into polymer matrix without much agglomeration. This is due to the better compatibility between the modified polysaccharides nanoparticles and the NR matrix (Fig. 4A and B). While in case of unmodified polysaccharides nanoparticles the reduction in size compensates for the hydrophilic nature (Fig. 3C and D). In case of CB composites (Fig. 3E) relatively coarse, two-phase morphology is seen. 

Abstract The present paper discusses classification of nano-objects, which is based on their size, morphology and chemical nature. The subject of nanochemistry includes those nano-objects whose chemical properties depend on size and morphology, such as spheroidal molecules, anisotropic (2D) and isotropic (ID) nanoparticles, nano-clusters and nanophases. Nanophase is a nano-dimensional part of the microphase whose properties depend on its size. The potential health hazards of nano-objects are associated with their capability of penetrating the body through inhalation, digestion or the skin. 

Figure 7 Characterization of silver nanoparticles produced by AG4 clone, (a) TEM micrograph of silver nanocrystal morphologies obtained from AG4 clone, (b c) TEM micrographs of silver nanoparticles with AG4 peptides. Inset in (b) is electron diffraction pattern from [111] beam direction for fee crystal, (d) Edge of truncated silver crystal, (e) EDX spectrum indicative for the presence of silver, Cu, and carbon are due to grid. (Reproduced by permission of Nature Publishing Group (www.nature.com))...

Iron oxide is a particular example of the wide range of materials which can be obtained from grinding the natural product or synthesis. Figure 2.32 shows the morphology of nanoparticle iron oxide. 

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