Nanomaterials carbon layered materials

Physisorption measurements showed that carbon nanomaterials exhibit rather meso- and macroporous structures (maximum micropore fraction, 15% see Table 2.1). The lowest specific surface area was measured with the platelet fiber catalyst exhibiting slightly more than 100 m2/g. The Co/HB material offers 120 m2/g of surface area, and the highest BET value was determined with the Co/ MW catalyst featuring nearly 290 m2/g. Carbon nanomaterials, though, are not really porous, as the space between the graphene layers is too small for nitrogen molecules to enter. The only location of adsorption is the external surface of the nanomaterials and the inner surface of the nanotubes. 

Zhirko Yu.I., Kovalyuk Z.D., Pyrlja M.M., Boledzyuk V.B. (2003) Optical Investigation of Hydrogen Intercalation-Deintercalation Processes in Layered Semiconductor y-InSe Crystals. Proceeding of VIII Int. Confer. Hydrogen Material Science Chemistry of Carbon Nanomaterials 1157. 

With the purpose of increase in a specific surface and electroconductivity of GPSi the technology of gas-phase pyrolitic sedimentation of a layer carbon fibrous nanomaterial on a surface of macropores is developed [8]. Process of sedimentation carbon fibrous nanomaterial at catalytic decomposition of the ethanol steam proceeds strictly selectively, and the received material practically does not contain some soot. The nano-fibrous layer of carbon is homogeneously enough located on all surface of macropores (Fig. 8), thickness of a layer makes about 0,1-0,4 microns and depends basically on modes of sedimentation. The layer represents a mix nano-... 

However, the storage capability from the fiber electrode based on bare carbon nanomaterial is poor owing to the double-layer capacitance mechanism. Therefore, pseudocapac-itive materials, such as metallic oxide and conducting polymer can also be incorporated into the CNT fiber to enhance the capacitance. For example, CNT/PANI composite fibers... 

CoSe2 nanomaterials have also been prepared as catalysts for nitrogen doped carbons as low cost materials. The carbon supports were synthesised by pyrolysis of vulcan, which was coated with carbon and nitrogen precursors with formaldehyde and ethylene diamine or 1,6-diaminohexane being the carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. To load the CoSca layer dicobalt octacarbonyl and nitrogen doped carbon were mixed with 200 ml dehydrated jylene. The carbonyl sol was then refluxed for 2 h at 140 °C in a four neck flask with nitrogen protection. 

Nanobiotechology-based biosensors have been developed with immobilization of biomolecules in miniamrized structures, which may contain hybrid materials for enhancing sensing properties [4, 9-17]. Such methods have also been applied to biosensors based on FEDs [4]. For example, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used in biosensors to achieve better sensitivity and selectivity [18-22]. The key to obtain such enhanced systems is the combination of biomolecules, whose activity may be preserved for long periods of time, and nanomaterials, as CNTs, on the FEDs surface [4]. Deposition of these materials is normally done with the electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) technique that allows an easy control of film thickness and possible tuning of molecular architectures to yield tailored sensing units [4, 23-31]. 

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