Nanofillers nanowire

Moreover, cellulose nanofillers such as nanorod, rod-like cellulose microcrystals, nanowires, and long and straight crystals were investigated. 

This chapter focuses on the non-linear viscoelastic behavior of rubber composites and nanocomposites. Here, we have discussed about the effect of individual fillers (mineral fillers, nanotubes, carbon nanofillers, fibrous nanofiUers, biofillers, special structured fillers viz. nanorods, nanowires, nanoflowers etc.) on the linear/ nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of rubber composites. Moreover, as this chapter is more concerned on the non-linear viscoelastic behavior, we have also discussed the effect of hybrid fillers on the nonUnear viscoelastic behavior of rubber composites in more detail. 

The emerging of nanotechnology at the end of twentieth century, many new nanomaterials have been developed such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoplates. By using nanomaterial as reinforcing filler and incorporating it into the polymer matrix, one can obtain polymer nanocomposite. There are many review articles and textbooks devoted to this subject (Twardowski 2007 Mittal 2010, 2013). However, the researches and discussions on nanocomposites made from LCER and nanofiller are relatively few. 

To achieve a lower percolation threshold and a high conductivity, more than one type of filler with different dimensions can be used to prepare CPCs, such as zero-dimensional atomic clusters (e.g., nano-carbon black, and silica), ID rod-like nanofiller (e.g., carbon nanotubes, and silver nanowires), and 2D layered nanofiller (e.g., clay platelets, and graphene) [ 106-110]. In fact, because of their differences in shape and element component, each nanoparticle has its own unique ability. Positive synergistic effects of these nanoparticles on improving the electrical and other properties of polymer matrix are expected. 

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