Nanodisks

Fig. 20.1 (a) TEM image of CU2S ribbons of stacked nanodisks. Schematic of nanodisks oriented (b) perpend to the substrate into a rodlike array, and (c) tilted to the substrate, demonstrating the overlap of each disk when imaged with TEM [4]. 

Fig. 3.12 SEM micrographs of an epitaxial deposit of SnS nanodisks on Au(lOO), in two different magnifications. (Reprinted with permission from [198], Copyright 2009, American Chemical...

Boonsalee S, Gudavarthy RV, Bohannan EW, Switzer JA (2008) Epitaxial electrodeposition of Tin(II) sulfide nanodisks on single-crystal Au(lOO). Chem Mater 20 5737-5742... 

With these principles in mind, we refer the reader to valuable recent reviews, original reports, and discussions [65-68] of probes consisting of proteins, organic dyes, and nanoparticles such as quantum dots (QDs, [2, 68-77]) and other intriguing particles plastic microspheres and nanoparticles [78], multifunctional encoded particles [79], nanodisk codes [80], nano-flares [81], E-PEBBLES [82], C-dots [83], nanocrystal (NC)-encoded microbeads... 

Maillard M, Giorgio S, Pileni M-P (2003) Tuning the Size of Silver Nanodisks with Similar Aspect Ratios Synthesis and Optical Properties. J Phys Chem 107 2466-2470... 

Schatz GC, Hupp JT, Kelley KL, Hao E (2002) Synthesis of Silver Nanodisks using Polystyrene Mesospheres as Templates. J Am Chem Soc 124 15182-15183... 

The advances in nanotechnology and synthesis methods have enabled nanomaterials to be produced in various shapes and structures. Coating of a luminescent layer activated by lanthanide ions on nanoparticles such as SiC>2 or AI2O3 is one of such approaches to develop new nanophosphors. In section 6, we review recent work on interesting spectroscopic features and luminescence dynamics of lanthanide ions in other novel low-dimensional nanostructures including core-shell, one-dimensional (ID) nanowires and nanotubes, two-dimensional (2D) nanofilms, hollow nanospheres, 2D nanosheet and nanodisk which have also attracted extensive attention. 

The use of techniques that focus on a subset of resonances make it possible to do productive NMR experiments on systems that do not have the narrowest possible linewidths, and thus to investigate more challenging proteins or to optimize sample conditions for a particular functional state rather than for the narrowest resonances. However, since the information content of the NMR experiment depends on the number of resolvable resonances, which depends on their linewidths, it is critical to seek conditions that minimize the linewidths while preserving functionality. The membrane protein system of interest will dictate which sample types are possible and which conditions preserve functionality Table 1 documents membrane protein linewidths that have been observed in a variety of sample types including nanocrystals, 2D crystals, detergent micelles, proteoliposomes and nanodisks. 

Fabrication procedure of gold nanodisk electrodes (NEEs) is schematically shown in Fig. 3.14 (Menon and Martin 1995 Pereira et al. 2006). Step I A piece of the Au/Au-PC/Au membrane is first affixed to a piece of adhesive aluminum foil tape (Fig. 3.14a). Step II A rectangular strip of a copper foil, with a conductive adhesive, is then affixed to the upper Au-coated surface of the Au/Au-PC/Au membrane (Fig. 3.14b). This Cu foil tape acts as a current collector and working electrode lead for the NEE. Step III The upper Au surface layer from the portion of the Au/Au-PC/Au membrane not covered by the Cu foil tape is then removed by simply applying and then removing a strip of Scotch tape. Removal of the Au surface layer exposes the disk-shaped ends of the Au nanowires within the pores of the membrane (Fig. 3.14c). These nanodisks will become the active electrode elements. Step IV The NEE assembly is heat treated at 150°C for 15 min. This produces a water-tight seal between the Au nanowires and the pore walls. Finally, strips of strapping tape are applied to the lower and upper surfaces of the assembly to insulate the Al and Cu foil tapes (Fig. 3.14d). 

FIGURE 20 TEM image of CeOj nanopolyhedra, EU2O3 nanodisks and nanoplates Reprinted with permission from Si et al. (2005). Copyright 2005 Wiley-VCH. 

Figure 6 TEM image of partially self-assembled Co nanodisks. Bar = 100 nm. (Reprinted with permission from Ref 157 2002 American Chemical Society)...

Maillard, M., Huang, P.,and Brus, L. (2003). Silver nanodisk growth by surface plasmon enhanced photreduction of adsorbed [Ag+]. Nano Letters 3 1611-1615. 

Yu Q, Guan P, Qin D, Golden G, Wallace PM (2008) Inverted size-dependence of surface enhanced Raman scattering on gold nanohole and nanodisk arrays. Nano Lett 8 1923... 

Qin L, Banholzer MJ, Millstone JE, Mirkin CA (2007) Nanodisk codes. Nano Lett 7 3849 StoermerRL, Cederquist KB, McEarland SK, Sha MY, Penn SG, Keating CD (2006) Coupling molecular beacons to barcoded metal nanowires for multiplexed, sealed chamber DNA bioassays. J Am Chem Soc 128 16892... 

Su KH, Wei QH, Zhang X (2006) Tunable and augmented plasmon resonances of Au/Si02/ Au nanodisks. Appl Phys Lett 88(6) 063118... 

Fig. 11.5 Rationally fabricated SERS substrates. From (a) to (I), triangular nanoparticle array [30], silver nanowire bundles [32], Ag nanoparticle-assembled silica nanoparticle (SERS dots) [33], metal nanoparticle aggregates (COINs) [34], gold nanocrescent [49], gold nanoparticles with thin oxide shells [50], hollow-type gold nanoparticles [35-37], gold nanorods [38 10], nanocubes [41,42], flower-like gold nanoparticles [43], nanodisks [46], and gold nanorods immobilized on silica nanoparticles [48]...

Qin L, Banholzer MJ, Millstone JE, Mirkin CA (2007) Nanodisk codes. Nano Lett 7 3849-3853... 

Another application of Zinc oxide nanostructure is immobilization of uricace onto ZnO nanorod and fabrication a sensitive biosensor for uric acid detection [167], The biosensor successfully used for micromolar detection of uric acid in the presence serious interferences, glucose, ascorbic acid, and 1-cysteine. The apparent KM value for the uric acid biosensor is 0.238 mM, showing high affinity of the biosensor. Direct electron transfer of SOD at a physical vapor deposited zinc oxide nanoparticles surface was investigated [168], In comparison to SOD immobilized onto ZnO nanodisks [169], the electron transfer rate constant is small and a quasi- reversible electrochemical behavior observed. A novel... 

---