Nano-soft particles

When the cubic phases are further dispersed in aqueous phase containing a stabilizer (usually amphiphilic polymer) nano-soft particles termed cubosomes are formed (Figure 15.2) [6]. 

Fig. 24 Proposed hard and soft particle nano-element categories and combinatorial libraries of possible nanocompounds. Nanocompounds indicated by an asterisk are described in the text (Sect. 6.4). Nanocompounds indicated by X have been reported in the literature and described...

Intrinsic viscosity [ /] is a physical property (expressed in dL/g), which in essence is the ratio of volume to mass. As the generation number increases and transition occurs to a spherical shape, the volume of a spherical dendrimer increases in cubic fashion while its mass increases exponentially hence, the value of [//] must decrease once a certain generation is reached. This prediction has now been confirmed for many different dendrimer families [9, 116, 179]. Because of this feature, the soft particle dendron/dendrimer-based, [S-l]-type nano-elements are unique macromolecules that exhibit completely different physico-chemical properties (i.e., nano-periodic property patterns) compared to compositionaUy... 

The non-linear viscoelasticity of NR/ZDMA vulcanizate is quite different from that of uncured compound. During the vulcanization, the polymerization of ZDMA leads to an increase molecular weight of poly-ZDMA. When the molecular weight of poly-ZDMA exceeds the critical value, the poly-ZDMA chains separate from the NR matrix and aggregate to nano-scaled particles, leading to a pronounced Payne effect. At the same time, the ionic crosslinks introduced by poly-ZDMA fimction as soft interaction between particles-mbber molecules, resulting a complex crosslink structure. In the present of ionic crosslinks, the NR/ZDMA vulcanizates shows a different mechanism of the Payne effect. 

Wang T, Colver PJ, Bon SAP, Keddie JL (2009) Soft polymer and nano-clay supracol-loidal particles in adhesives synergistic effects on mechanical properties. Soft Matter 5(20) ... 

Influence of aggregation structure and particle size on the colour shade of nano-dispersed -carotene hydro-sols. - Thereby, and by using blends of carotenoids, such as carotene, lycopene, S -apo-ji-carotenal and canthaxanthin, the colour of soft drinks can be adjusted from light yellow to red violet. 

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