Nano-sized metal particles synthesis

Rao CNR, Kulkami GU, Thomas PJ, Agrawal W, Gautam UK, Ghosh M (2003b) Nanocrystals of metals, semiconductors and oxides novel synthesis and applications. Curr Sci 85 1041-1045 Rao CNR, Kulkami GU, Thomas PJ (2005) Physical and chemical properties of nano-sized metal particles. In Nicolais L, Carotenuto G (eds) Metal-polymer nanocomposites. WUey, Hoboken, New Jersey, pp 1-36... 

The cryochemical vapor deposition synthesis of metal-polymer films (from the gaseous state to the solid polymer one, bypassing the liquid phase) allows the production of both new organometallic structures and new valuable composites with high concentrations of nano-sized metal or semiconductor particles. 

The rapid development of nanotechnology has revolutionized scientific developments in recent decades [1]. The synthesis, characterization, and application of functionalized nanoparticles are currently a very active field of research [2], Due to the size limitation of metal nanoparticles, they show very unique properties, which are called nano-size effect or quantum-size effect , which is different from those of both bulk metals and metal atoms. Such specific properties are usually dominated by the atoms located on the surface. In nanoparticles systems, the number of atoms located on the surface of the particles increases tremendously with decreasing of the particle diameter [3]. 

Synthesis of nano-sized particles from metal carbonates by the method of reversed mycelles... 

The use of colloidal metallic nanoclusters deposited onto solid substrates can provide a higher degree of control over the SPs spectral properties state-of-the-art results in the chemical synthesis showed, in fact, the possibility to grow nano-objects with high uniformity and low size dispersion [36-38], This can allow to fabricate extended substrates, in which the local morphology, and thus the resulting MEF effect, can be controlled with good precision [19, 39], As a counterpart, still some randomness is unavoidable in this approach, since it is not simple to define the position of the nanoclusters on the substrate with micrometer precision to realize, for instance, ordered arrays of metallic particles. 

Preparation of a wide array of crystalline metal oxides via the radiation method was discussed. Special attention was devoted to materials synthesis via formation of solid phase from irradiated aqueous solutions containing metal salts, OH radical scavengers, and possibly other additives, such as surfactants. Materials synthesized via the radiation method are usually nano sized, with narrow distribution of particle size. Various types of applied radiation (both ionizing and nonionizing) often yield similar results with regard to composition and morphology of prepared materials. Convenient properties of prepared oxide compounds make them prospective materials for consideration in various optical applications and also as catalysts or sorbents. Therefore, rapid future development of radiation methods for materials synthesis may be expected. 

A promising strategy towards stable and catalyticaUy active metal colloids is their preparation inside the core of micelles formed by amphiphilic block copolymers. This strategy offers a number of advantages (i) micelles represent a nano-structured environment which can be exactly tailored by block copolymer synthesis (ii) polymers act as effective steric stabilizer ]36] (iii) metal leaching might be avoided (iv) micelles allow control over particle size, size distribution and particle solubility [37] and (v) micelles are also supposed to effect catalytic activity and selectivity [38]. 

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