Naming heterocyclic amines

This chapter is divided into seven main sections. The first of these sections is focused on technological contaminants, namely heterocyclic amines, acrylamide, furan, chloropropanok and their fatty acid esters, polycycKc aromatic hydrocarbons, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitroso compounds, and ethyl carbamate. Other sections deal with microbial toxins (mycotoxins and bacterial toxins), persistent organohalogen contaminants (such as polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans), chlorinated ahphatic hydrocarbons, pesticides (persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons and modem pesticides), veterinary medicines and contaminants from packaging materials. Presented for each of these contaminants are structures, properties, occurrence and the main sources of dietary intake, mechanisms of formation, possibilities of food contamination, prevention and mitigation and health and toxicological evaluations. 

Heterocyclic amines—compounds in which the nitrogen atom occurs as part of a ring—are also common, and each different heterocyclic ring system has its own parent name. The heterocyclic nitrogen atom is always numbered as position 1. 

N-Glycosyl derivatives are conveniently named as glycosylamines. In the case of complex heterocyclic amines, such as nucleosides, the same approach is used. 

Examples The various compounds that may be detected conveniently are, namely aromatic amines, phenols, ketones, and aldehydes and heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. 

The reaction of A-(2,2-dimcthyl 4-oxo-thictan-3-yl)-acetamide 26 with complex heterocyclic amines 27a-d, cyanoguanidine derivatives 27e-f, or a sugar derivative, namely 1-amino-1-deoxy-D-fructopyranose 27g, in various conditions resulted in cysteine amide derivatives 28a-g in satisfactory yields (Table 2) <2000BML1347, 2001T7173, 2001T825, 2002BMC2303>. 

Aromatic and heterocyclic amines are generally known by historical names. Phenylamine is called aniline, for example, and its derivatives are named as derivatives of aniline. 

Heterocyclic amines (nitrogen is part of a ring) have specific parent names. 

Name and draw amines, and classify amines as primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, arylamines, or heterocyclic amines. 

In both DNA and RNA, the heterocyclic amine base is bonded to Cl of the sugar, and the phosphoric acid is bonded by a phosphate ester linkage to the C5 sugar position. The names and structures of all four deoxyribonucleotides and all four ribonucleotides are shown in Figure 28.4 (p. 1162). 

Heterocyclic amines contain nitrogen as a part of the ring, bound to two carbon atoms. Many of these amines are found in coal tar and a variety of natural products. Some aromatic and heterocyclic amines are called by their common names. 

Learning Goal Heterocycllc amines are cyclic compounds that have at least one nitrogen atom in the ring structure. The structures and common names of several heterocyclic amines important in nature are shown here. They are represented by their structural formulas and by abbreviated line formulas. 

A heterocyclic amine is an amine in which the nitrogen is part of a cyclic structure. Heterocyclic amine structures are found in a number of compounds of biochemical interest. Some important heterocyclic structures are shown below along with their names ... 

The tetracyano derivative of 2.49, 5-diazo-l,2,3,4-tetracyanocyclopentadiene (2.52), and its heterocyclic analogue, 2-diazo-4,5-dicyano-imidazole (2.53) can be obtained by diazotization of the corresponding amines, namely the (anionic) 1-amino-... 

Methods for the A-acylation of similar heterocycles, such as simple thiazolidinethiones, have been reported since 1977, namely acyl chlorides in miscellaneous conditions,586 or carboxylic acids under DCC-activation.60,61 However the easiest and most effective method involves acyl chlorides or carboxylic anhydrides in the presence of an amine.47 Applying that procedure on carbohydrate scaffolds Rollin and co-workers62 reported the synthesis of diverse /V-acylated OZTs. The reactions were performed with good yields and the /V-selective acylation was ascertained by NMR— namely the thiocarbonyl 13C chemical shift (Scheme 41). Thanks to the dual nature of the carbanion drifting in the reaction,596 60 no competitive formation of the thioester, as mentioned by Plusquellec el al. in the case of benzothiazole, was observed. 

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