Naled toxicity

Naled is moderately to highly toxic via the oral route, with oral LD50 values of 91 30mgkg in rats and mice. Dermal LD50 values were 1100 mg kg in rabbits and 800 mg kg in rats. Naled can cause dermatitis and sensitization, and can be corrosive to skin and eyes. Effects due to naled exposure are similar to those caused by other organophosphorus pesticides. 

The acute toxicity data, inhalation data, and experience in the early reports indicated that naled is not a highly toxic organophosphate. 

Based on acute toxicity data, naled is moderately to highly toxic to birds. Acute oral LD values in birds ranged from 37 to 65 mg kg On a subacute dietary basis, naled is slightly toxic to birds. Naled is highly toxic to honey bees. 

The ideal candidate for a virus-derived anti-TNF therapeutic would be more specific and less toxic to the human system than current therapies. Several viral inhibitors can specifically block intracellular s naling, often resulting in reduced TNF production or its TNFR-dependant effects. Activation of NF-kB is an early event that occurs within minutes after exposure to TNF and plays important role in inflammation, regulation of cell proliferation, activation and survival. This activation process has turned out to be an attractive target for viruses to escape immune defenses and many viruses have evolved specific gene products to inhibit the TNF-induced NF-kB activation. 

Naled emits toxic fumes of bromines, chlorides and phosphorus oxides when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1990). 

Naled is an insecticide-acaricide, intermediate in toxicity between malathion and parathion. Allergic contact dermatitis to naled has been reported in a few workers [70]. Naled is broken down by hydrolysis within a few hours. Patients allergic to naled may work with plants sprayed with naled once a suitable interval has elapsed. 

Dichlorvos, Dursban , and naled were used separately in a slow release plastic formulation to control the house fly (Musca domestica) in Florida poultry houses containing caged layers. The dichlorvos formulation (20% Shell Vapona M resin strip resin) controlled the larvae and adults for 7 weeks with 3 applications of 2 g toxicant per square meter of breeding area. ... 

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