N detectors for

Geiger counter gI-gor- [Hans Geiger 1945 Gr physicist] (1924) n. Detector for radioactivity depending upon ionized particles that affect its mechanism. As its indicates, it both detects and make a count of them possible. Goldberg DE (2003) Fundamentals of chemistry. McGraw-Hill Sci-ence/Engineering/Math, New York. 

HPGe and Nal(n) detectors for radioactivity measurements, Appl. Radial. Isotopes, 60, 41 7. 

For multi-analyte and/or multi-matrix methods, it is not possible to validate a method for all combinations of analyte, concentration and type of sample matrix that may be encountered in subsequent use of the method. On the other hand, the standards EN1528 andEN 12393 consist of a range of old multi-residue methods. The working principles of these methods are accepted not only in Europe, but all over the world. Most often these methods are based on extractions with acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate or n-hexane. Subsequent cleanup steps are based on solvent partition steps and size exclusion or adsorption chromatography on Florisil, silica gel or alumina. Each solvent and each cleanup step has been successfully applied to hundreds of pesticides and tested in countless method validation studies. The selectivity and sensitivity of GC combined with electron capture, nitrogen-phosphorus, flame photometric or mass spectrometric detectors for a large number of pesticides are acceptable. 

LTD-1 Low Temperature Detectors for Neutrinos and Dark Matter Proceedings of a Workshop, Field at Ringberg Castle, Tegernsee, May 12-13, 1987, ed. by K. Pretzl, N. Schmitz, L. Stodolsky, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg (December 1987)... 

The last generation of instruments make it possible to work faster as they offer an increased S/N ratio for the detectors. This results in shorter integration times. Furthermore, the computer-driven reading of microplates with 384 or 1536 wells rather than 96 increases the speed of analysis. Original and new design of the optical path of light and optimized and computer-driven selection of the optical elements and of the mechanical positioning of filters, detectors, or samples... 

Bhattachar, S.N., Wesley, J.A., and Seadeek, C. 2006. Evaluation of the chemiluminescent nitrogen detector for solubility determinations to support drug discovery. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 41 152. 

The diffusion-limited electrochemical oxidation of V-nitrosamines in an aqueous pH 1.5 buffer was demonstrated at a GCE coated with a film of mixed valence ruthenium oxides, stabilized by cyano crosslinks. This electrode was used in a potentiostatic amperometric detector for FIA and HPLC, to allow the determination of representative N-nitrosamines (278a, 278c and 278d) for 278c, LOD was 10 nM and RSD 2% at 0.80 pM... 

Because the chemical signals (semiochemicals) are normally produced in minute amounts and diluted in the environment with a complex mixture of chemical compounds derived from a myriad of sources, the olfactory system in insects evolved as a remarkably selective and sensitive system, which approaches the theoretical limit for a detector. For example, it has been estimated that the male silkworm moth is able to distinguish within 1 s 170 nerve impulses generated by the female silkworm moth s sex pheromone from 1700 spontaneous nervous impulses [ 1 ], thus, operating on a remarkably low S/N ratio ... 

LA. Buryakov, Yu. N. Kolomiets and V.B. Louppou, Ion non-linear drift spectrometer (INLDS) — a selective detector for high-speed gas chromatography. International Journal for Ion Mobility Spectrometry 4(1) (2001) 13-15. 

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