MZB cells

Overall, the defects in lymphocyte homeostasis and immune response may also include defective responses to the lysolipids, LPA and SIP, which regulate Rho pathways in numerous cells, including lymphocytes (Lin and Boyce, 2006). Rubtsov et ah (2005) found a decrease in marginal zone B cells in Lsc / mice and these MZB cells had an enhanced migratory response to SIP. In contrast to the observations in neutrophils, the MZB cells also showed an increased adherence in the absence of Lsc that could prevent appropriate migration in response to SIP. This would correspond... 

NK natural killer CTL cytotoxicT lymphocyte TDAR T-dependent antibody response MCMV murine cytomegalovirus MZB cells marginal zone B cells TIAR T-independent antibody response. 

The therapeutic agent should be further tested in the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) latent virus reactivation model if results from the influenza host resistance assay indicate a decreased functional activity for either NK, CTL, or TDAR, or a decrease in CD4+ cells as observed by immunopheno-typing. The MCMV latent virus reactivation model is discussed in detail below. The test article should be tested in the Streptococcus pneumoniae systemic model for encapsulated bacteria if immunophenotyping or histopathology, done in conjunction with the influenza host resistance model, reveals a decrease in the number of marginal zone B (MZB) cells. MZB cells are critical in host defense against bloodborne encapsulated bacteria and this host resistance assay is discussed in detail below. 

The Streptococcus pneumoniae MZB cell model has been characterized in mice and Sprague-Dawley rats with a systemic bloodbome infection by intravenous inoculation. Bacteria are quantified by determining the number of CFU in the spleen, liver, lungs, and blood over a 2-week period. Cytokines, hematology, immunophenotyping, and anti-streptococcal antibody (TIAR) are also quantified in this model (Burleson and Burleson, 2006). 

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