MyD88-dependent pathway

The key end result of TLR signalling is the induction of cytokines. Cytokines are proteins produced during an immune response that allow the maturation, activation and differentiation of effector cells in the immune system. The activation of NFkB and AP-1 by the MyD88 and the TREF dependent pathways leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-a and various chemokines. This pathway can also activate IRF-7 via TLR-7and TLR-9 allowing Type-I interferons to be produced. 

Hemmi, H., Kaisho, T., Takeuchi, O., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Hoshino, K., Horshino, T., Tomizawa, H., Takeda, K. Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signalling pathway. Nat. Immunol. 2002, 5(2), 196-200. 

Hemmi H, Kaisho T, Takeuchi O et al (2002) Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. Nat Immunol 3 196-200... 

TLR-dependent MyD88-independent signalling pathways exist (Akira and Takeda, 2004), and it is feasible that these may be important for the DC response to schistosome egg antigens (Agrawal ef a/., 2003 Thomas et al., 2003 Thomas and Harn, 2004). 

Schnare, M., Holtdagger, A.C., Takeda, K., Akira, S. and Medzhitov, R. (2000) Recognition of CpG DNA is mediated by signaling pathways dependent on the adaptor protein MyD88. Curr. Biol, 10, 1139-1142. 

Dear JW, Yasuda H, Hu X, Hieny S, Yuen PS, Hewitt SM, Sher A, Star RA Sepsis-induced organ failure is mediated by different pathways in the kidney and liver acute renal failure is dependent on MyD88 but not renal cell apoptosis. Kidney International 69 832-836,2006... 

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