Mycobacterium xenopi

A number of biochemical markers not associated with the cell envelope allow the specific detection of individual microorganisms in environmental samples. These include secondary alcohols. For example, Mycobacterium xenopi can be detected through the hydrolysis of wax ester mycolates, which liberates 2-docosanol, a characteristic and dominant secondary alcohol, which can be detected at low levels by GC-MS. This biomarker was found to be very useful for the rapid detection of M. xenopi in drinking water (159,160). Results from the GC-MS detection of 2-docosanol were obtained within 2 days compared to the 12 weeks required for culturable detection of M. xenopi. The detection limit for this type of approach was found to be 10 colony-forming units (CFU) ml" drinking water. 

S. Alugupalli, L. Larsson, M. Slosarek, and M. Jaresova, Application of gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry for rapid detection of Mycobacterium. xenopi in drinking-water, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59 3541 (1992). 

Sisson, P. R. Freeman, R. Magee, J. G Lightfoot, N. F. Rapid differentiation of Mycobacterium xenopi from mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex by pyrolysis mass spectrometry. J. Clin. Path. 1992, 45, 355-357. 

Rifampicin is highly active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among atypical mycobacteria, it is active against Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum, and most types of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum and Mycobacterium xenopi. Sensitivity of other mycobacteria varies. Rifampicin also exhibits activity against Mycobacterium leprae. 

Abbreviations of inteins Mth RIRI, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Mxe GyrA, Mycobacterium xenopi gyrase A See VMA, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ssp DnaB, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. 

A study of the structure of an active protein splicing precursor, corresponding to an N-extern fusion of the Mxe GyrA (Mycobacterium xenopi DNA gyrase A) intein, has been carried out by Romanelli et aV " A Vcn coupling of 12 Hz measured by them for the (— 1) scissile peptide bond at the extern-intein junction provided solid evidence of its presence. Its value indicates that this amide bond is highly polarized. 

Gao et took this technique further by polymerizing from the G-terminus of GFP via ATRP. GFP was expressed to contain a Mycobacterium xenopi GyrA (Mxe)-intein tag... 

Fig. 5.2.18. Transverse CT section after double-lung transplantation. CT shows partly consolidated, partly ground-glass-like opacities in the right lung, corresponding to Mycobacterium xenopi...

Busch FW, Bautz W, Dierkesmann R, Toomes H, Schalk KP, Rusch-Gerdes S, Ehninger G (1991) [Lung changes caused by Mycobacterium xenopi infection in a patient with bone marrowtransplantation problems in differential diagnosis]. Pneumologie 45 340-342... 

Klabunde T et al (1998) Crystal structure of GyrA intein from Mycobacterium xenopi reveals structural basis of protein splicing. Nat Struct Biol 5 31-36... 

Mycobacterium (except those listed in Appendix B-Ill-A (RG3)) including M aviurn com-plex, M asiaticum, M. bovis BCG vaccine strain, M. chelonei, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii, M. leprae, M. malmoense, M. marinum, M. paratuberculosis, M. scrofulaceum, M. simiae, M. szulgai, M. ulcerans, M. xenopi. 

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