Mycobacterium tuberculosis rifampin-resistant

Zhang W (2006) Microwave-Enhanced High-Speed Fluorous Synthesis. 266 145-166 Zhang X-E, Deng J-Y (2005) Detection of Mutations in Rifampin-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis by Short Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay on DNA Chips (SOLAC). 261 169-190... 

Three studies have addressed the possibility of inducing cross-resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis during the use of rifaximin. In an experimental guinea pig model of M. tuberculosis, rifaximin was administered in an effort to induce resistance among M. tuberculosis strains of human origin. Not only did no resistance develop, crossresistance to rifampin also did not occur [17, 18]. In another approach, M. tuberculosis strains were subjected to subinhibitory concentrations of rifaximin. No induction of resistance or cross-resistance to rifampin occurred... 

To give the reader an idea of the practical effort of the immobilization strategies discussed, applications of these DNA chips are also included, e.g. with one chapter describing the immobilization step included in a short oligonucleotide ligation assay on DNA chip (SOLAC) to identify mutations in a gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in chnic isolates indicating rifampin resistance. 

Pharmacology Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase, but does not inhibit the mammalian enzyme. Cross-resistance has only been shown with other rifamycins. Rifampin at therapeutic levels has demonstrated bactericidal activity against intracellular and extracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms. Pharmacokinetics ... 

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Add streptomycin or ethambutol as a fourth drug in a regimen containing isoniazid (INH), rifampin, and pyrazinamide for initial treatment of tuberculosis unless the likelihood of INH or rifampin resistance is very low. Streptomycin also is indicated for therapy of tuberculosis when one or more of the above drugs is contraindicated because of toxicity or intolerance. 

Intended for use concomitantly with other antituberculosis agents in pulmonary infections caused by capreomycin-susceptible strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, when the primary agents (eg, isoniazid, rifampin) have been ineffective or cannot be used because of toxicity or the presence of resistant tubercle bacilli. Administration and Dosage... 

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis Isoniazid plus pyridoxine rifampin (if isoniazid resistant)... 

Cooksey RC, Holloway BP, Oldenburg MC, Listenbee S, Miller CW. Evaluation of the invader assay, a linear signal amplification method, for identification of mutations associated with resistance to rifampin and isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000 44(5) 1296-1301. 

In combination with an alkaline phosphatase reaction-linked assay, these two schemes have been used successfully for the identification of mutations in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical isolates that show rifampin resistance (Rifr). The advantages and disadvantages of the new approach are discussed. 

Detection of Mutations in Rifampin-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis... 

Isoniazid + rifampin Prevents emergence of resistant strains Mycobacterium tuberculosis... 

Somoskovi A, Parsons EM, Salfinger M. The molecular basis of resistance to isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RespirRes 2001 2 164-168. 

Marin M, Garcia de Viedma D, Ruiz-Serrano MJ, Bouza E. Rapid direct detection of multiple rifampin and isoniazid resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory samples by real-time PCR. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004 48 4293M300. 

Infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis are treated with combination therapy. The primary drugs used are isoriazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Highly resistant organisms may require the use of additional agents. Backup drugs include aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolones, capreomycin, and cycloserine. 

Ethambutol inhibits synthesis of one or more metabolites, causing impairment of cell metabolism, arrest of multiplication, and cell death. It is indicated in the treatment of tuberculosis, in combination with other agents in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid or rifampin, or when there is intolerance to other antituberculous agents. 

Direct bioelectronic detection of multiple point mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis amplicons related to rifampin drug resistance was perfomed [98]. In recent studies, it was found that 95% of RIF-resistant bacteria strains possess mutations within... 

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