Mussels removal

Holmes [1970] showed that water velocity had an effect on mussel removal. Chlorine residuals of 0.5 mg/l at water velocities in excess of 1.5 m/s accomplished effective mussel removal. With chlorine levels below 0.5 mg/l the critical velocity requirements is in excess of 1.5 m/s. Holmes [1970] suggested that the... 

Wahlberg et al. [20] determined NPEO in Blue mussels by GC-ECD after derivatisation of the phenols with PFBC1. To this end, samples were homogenised in acetone/hexane (5 2), followed by extraction with hexane/diethylether (9 1). Lipids were removed by L/L extraction with acetonitrile in 0.1 M NaOH followed by L/L extraction in TMP/sulphuric acid. Recoveries of 93, 34, 65 and 100% were reported for NP, NPEOi, NPEO2 and NPEO3, respectively. 

Antipyrine Uptake and Elimination by Mussels Directly Removed or Laboratory Cultured. 

In addition to these passive processes shellfish have been shown to actively modify the saxitoxins. Shimizu has shown (40) that scallops can remove both the N-l-hydroxyl and 11-hydroxysulfate groups from the saxitoxins. Sullivan has shown ( ) that enzymes in littleneck clams can remove the sulfamate or carbamate side chain, yielding the decarbamoyl toxins. This activity was not detected in either mussels or butter clams. With both sorts of modification the products are compounds that have higher potency and are likely to be bound in shellfish more strongly. 

Despite this progress, the evidence linking cysts to shellfish toxicity remains circumstantial and care should be exercised before attributing toxin increases to this mechanism. The major problem is that it has yet to be demonstrated that shellfish can remove toxin from cysts. The feeding studies mentioned earlier (which do not yet include scallops 35) indicate that many viable G. tamarensis cysts can be isolated from the fecal pellets of mussels and soft-shelled clams fed cyst suspensions. There is certainly some cyst mortality as well (Figure 5), but whether this is also associated with toxin retention by the shellfish has yet to be demonstrated. It is reasonable to expect that the assimilation of toxin from cysts will not be a highly efficient process. 

Mussels NP-HPLC, online 3.9-mm-ID X 15-cm Silica Nova-pack, 4 fim w-Hexane to elute lipids hexane-ethyl acetate to remove pesticide... 

Molluscs The spat (larva) of the freshwater mussel Dressenia poly-morpha are planktonic and can completely block pipework, screens, and filters, generally requiring mechanical removal. 

With all types of cultured pearl, the host oysters and mussels must be tended during the cultivating process. They are regularly lifted from the water and cleaned to remove algae and barnacles that may have accumulated. When the appropriate time has passed for the pearls to have reached their optimum quality, they are harvested. The oysters or mussels are opened and the pearls are extracted. 

Mussels (Mytilus edulis) were fished in the Dutch Waddensea. They were cooked under pressure (at ca. 120°C) for 30 s and the shells were removed. Then they were instantly deep-frozen (liquid nitrogen) and stored at a temperature below -28°C. Some 550 kg material was freeze-dried during 20 h and ground in a stainless-steel mill which could have caused some contamination with Fe. Upon freeze-drying, the material have lost 73.5% of its mass. 

---