Mushroom farming

Abstract A log of waste oak wood collected from a Korean mushroom farm has been tested for ammonia percolation pretreatment. The waste log has different physical characteristics from that of virgin oak wood. The density of the waste wood was 30% lower than that of virgin oak wood. However, there is little difference in the chemical compositions between the woods. Due to the difference in physical characteristics, the optimal pretreatment conditions were also quite different. While for waste oak the optimum temperature was determined to be 130°C, for virgin oak wood the optimum pretreatment was only achieved at 170°C. Presoaking for 12 h with ammonia solution before pretreatment was helpful to increase the delignification efBciency. 

Since A. flavus grows on practically all types of grain, this species is of serious concern to mushroom spawn producers. Careful handling of any molds, particulary those of the genus Aspergillus, should be a primary responsibility of all managers and workers in mushroom farms, Aflatoxins are not, however, taken up in the fruitbodies when contaminated spawn or cottonseed meal is used to supplement a compost. 

Comments Commonly encountered in agar plates made from a soil Infusion otherwise rarely encountered In sterile culture. An occasional contaminant of mushroom beds (compost), Lipstick Mold Inhibits primordia formation and development. With the advent of concrete composting surfaces and peat based casings, this contaminant has been virtually eliminated from modern mushroom farms. 

However, Yen and Mau (2007a,b) extracted chitin and chitosan using alkaline treatment, followed by decolorization and then deacetylation with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. In their process, they used mushroom L. edodes from a mushroom farm and they did not purify the chitosan... 

Note SMF, submerged fmnentation Farm, mushroom farm eg, chitiu/chitosan with other compounds. 

Other off-flavor compounds of microbial origin have been isolated and identified from cultured fish and drinking water supplies. p-Cyclocitral has a tobacco-like odor and has been isolated from blooms of the cyanobacterium Microcystis spp. [24] and the flesh of farm-raised channel catfish [25]. P-Cyclocitral does not appear to be a large off-flavor problem in aquaculture [18]. Isopropylmercaptan, a compound with an oniony odor, has been isolated from cultures of Microcystis sp. [26], and 1 -octen-3-one, a mushroom-like odor-producing compound, has been isolated from cultures of an Anabaena sp. [27]. In addition, offensive sulfur-containing compounds are released into the water during cyanobacterial cell decomposition [26,28],... 

Comments Virus is most likely introduced during or directly after spawning. Infected farms experience losses up to 70%. First reported from Europe, measures of control and prevention have been developed and successfully tested by the Dutch. Most notably, virus spreads by attaching itself to mushroom spores which then become airborne. Virus also spreads through the contact of healthy mycelia with diseased mycelia. Afflicted mushrooms are soon exploited by a host of other parasites, making a late and accurate diagnosis of this contaminant difficult. 

Efforts to produce elastic protein-based polymers include using tobacco, - mushrooms, yeast,and the seeds of arabidopsis, canola, and soy. ° Production in tobacco plants has the potential of providing a healthful product from a plant that is the source of much illness, as such tobacco farms could be viewed as a capacity... 

---