Resistive muscle training

Low-resistance multiple repetitions of resistive muscle training can augment muscle mass, force generation, and activate oxidative enzymes. This increase, in turn, can improve O2 extraction and efficiency of muscle O2 kinetics (40). Sets of repetitions [3 sets of 8-10 repetitions at 50-70% of 1 repetition maximum (RM)] (41) within the patient s tolerance... 

Figure 3 Resistance muscle training for lower limbs in a patient with critical illness with...

Because muscle fibers in males are thicker than those found in females, these muscles are larger and stronger, even without the benefit of resistance training. This enlargement is due to effects of testosterone, a sex hormone found primarily in males. Testosterone promotes the synthesis of actin and myosin filaments in muscle fibers. 

Fast-twitch muscle fibers have a high capacity for anaerobic glycolysis but are quick to fatigue. They are involved primarily in short-term, high-intensity exercise. Slow-twitch muscle fibers in arm and leg muscles are well vascularized and primarily oxidative. They are used during prolonged, low-to-moderate intensity exercise and resist fatigue. Slow-twitch fibers and the number of their mitochondria increase dramatically in trained endurance athletes. 

Campbell WW, Joseph LJ, Davey SL, et al. 1999. Effects of resistance training and chromium picolinate on body composition and skeletal muscle in older men. J Appl Physiol 86(l) 29-39. 

Hallmark MA, Reynolds TH, DeSouza CA, et al. 1996. Effects of chromium on resistance training on muscle strength and body composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28 139-144. 

Duncan, N.D., D.A. Williams, and G.S. Lynch (1998). Adaptations in rat skeletal muscle following long-term resistance exercise training. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occupat. Physiol. 77 372-8. 

Q Sir, in your article on you mentioned heavy resistance training results in upregulation of the androgen regulators of the muscle. And quoted this study ... 

Endurance training also has a noteworthy effect on fat metabolism. In sedentary individuals, especially those who have undergone calorie-restricted diets, adipocytes are resistant to the stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system that accompanies physical exercise. For reasons that are still poorly understood, endurance training results in an increased sensitivity of adipocytes to these hormones. This is an important point, because the amount of fatty acids transported into muscle cells and used to drive muscle contraction is directly related to their concentration in blood. Trained muscle can generate more energy by oxidizing ketone bodies. 

Training to improve strength, power, and endurance of muscle performance is called resistance training. Its goal is to increase the size of the muscle fibers (hypertrophy of the muscle). Muscle fibers can develop a maximal force of 3 to 4 kg/cm of muscle area. Thus, if one can increase their muscle size from 80 to 120 cm, the maximal resistance that could be lifted would increase from 240 to 360 kg. Hypertrophy occurs by increased protein synthesis in the muscle and a reduction in existing protein turnover. 

Fielding, R.A., LeBrasseur, N.K., Cuoco, A., Bean, J., Mizer, K., and Fiatarone-Singh, M.A High-velocity resistance training increases skeletal muscle peak power in older women. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 50 655-662,2002. 

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