Muscle reticulin

Conversely, the connective tissues and cartilage are much more resistant to proteolysis and will survive for a longer period of time, although they too will eventually succumb to the effects of putrefaction. Reticulin, epidermis, and muscle protein will resist breakdown for some time, whereas collagen and keratin may survive for longer periods (Linch and Prahlow 2001). Keratin is an insoluble fibrous protein found in the skin, hair, and nails, and its resistance to attack by most proteolytic enzymes (Gupta and Ramnani 2006) is the reason it is often found intact amongst skeletal remains, particularly in burial environments (Macko et al. 1999). 

Benzylisoquinolines (IQ,-CH2-Phe) Ethaverine and laudanosine (L-type Ca2+ channel blockers from opium) papaverine (cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor and smooth muscle relaxant derived from opium and Rauwolfia serpentina (Apocynaceae)) protopine (MD-Phe C9N Phe-MD) opium-derived smooth muscle relaxant) (+)-reticuline (opium-derived adrenergic receptor ligand and hair growth accelerant). 

Scientists examined the crude alkaloidal fractions derived from Shin-I (a traditional Sino-Japanese medicine) for the presence of neuromuscular blocking activity [41]. From the dried buds of M. salicifolia, three alkaloids, d-coclaurine (17), d-reticulin (18), and yuzirine (19) were found to reduce acetylcholine induced twitching of frog skeletal muscle. The active component of the purported antiallergy activity of Shin-I was identified as magnosalicin (20) [3]. Magnosalicin, a neolignan, was found in the chloroform extract of M salicifolia buds. 

In a later study, researchers demonstrated the negative inotropic effects of (+)-R-coclaurine (d-coclaurine) (17) and (+)-S-reticulin (d-reticulene) (18) as well as their antagonistic actions to higenamine (23), the cardiotonic principle of aconite root Aconitum sp.) [45]. In essence, (+)-R-coclaurine and (+)-S-reticulin act as muscle relaxants and to prevent muscle contractions induced by higenamine. 

The alveolar linings are separated by conjuntivovas-cular septae. These septae contain large amounts of reticulin, conjunctive, and elastic fibers. The walls of the alveoli contain no smooth muscle fibers these are found only around the terminal bronchioles at the junction of bronchiole and the alveolar sacs. An extremely rich lacework of capillaries traverses the septae, uniting the terminal branches of the pulmonary arteries with those of the pulmonary veins. The branches of the pulmonary arteries follow bronchioles, bronchi, and veins on their way to the pleura. 

The dermis is made up of collagen, mostly of type I, although it is mixed with reticulin (collagen type 111) and elastin. It contains blood vessels, nerves, pilosebaceous adnexa with their muscles, and sweat glands. One distinguishes the papillary dermis located immediately under the epidermis and around the adnexa and the reticular dermis made up of thick bunches of collagen which constitutes the rest of the epidermis. 

Our recent studies demonstrated that all three branches of the UPR are activated in s-IBM [190], which results in upregulation of major BR-resident chaperones, namely GRP78, GRP94, calnexin, cal-reticulin, and BRp72 [15], Also, HBRP protein and mRNA are significantly increased in s-IBM muscle fibers [14],... 

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