Muscle chemistry

Most of the oxygen consumed by an animal is used by its muscle, and in the presence of a fall in local temperature, oxygen supply to ischemic muscle is adequate for normal metabolic demands, as evidenced by the persistence of a normal nucleotide pattern. However, at an air temperature of 30°C, the fall in muscle temperature is prevented, and muscle chemistry then indicates inadequate oxygen supply. 

Kara, S., Zama, T., Sewa, S., Takashima, W., Kaneto, K. Polypyrrole-metal coil composites as fibrous artificial muscles. Chemistry Letters 32, 800-801 (2003)... 

Adapted from Ohtsuki, L, Maruyama, K., and Eba.shi, S., 1986. Regulatory and cyto.skeletal protein.s of vertebrate. skeletal muscle. Advances in Protein Chemistry 38 1-67. 

The development of steel accelerated the profound impact of chemistry on society. Better steel led to the Industrial Revolution, when muscles gave way to steam and giant enterprises could be contemplated. With improved transport and greater output from factories came more extensive trade, and the world became simultaneously a smaller but busier place. None of this would have happened without chemistry. 

TSAI J-C, JAIN M, HSIEH C-M, LEE W-S, YOSHIZUMI M, PATTERSON C, PERRELLA M A, COOKE C, WANG H, HABER E, scHLEGEL R, and LEE M E (1996) Induction of apoptosis by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and N-acetylcysteine in vascular smooth muscle cells Journal Biological Chemistry 271, 3667-70. 

Jackson, M.J. and Edwards, RH.T. (1988). Free radicals, muscle damage and muscular dystrophy. In Reactive Oxygen Species in Chemistry, Biology and Medicine (ed. A. Quintanilha) pp. 197-210, Plenum, New York. 

Fredholm, B. B., Effects of methylxanthines on skeletal muscle and on respiration, in The Methylxanthine Beverages and Foods Chemistry, Consumption and Health Effects, Spiller, G. A., Ed., Alan R. Liss, New York, 1984, 365. 

Saz, H.J. and Weil, A. (1960) The mechanism of formation of a-methylbutyrate from carbohydrate by Ascaris lumbricoides muscle. Journal of Biological Chemistry 235, 914-918. 

Song, H. and Komuniecki, R. (1994) Novel regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase purified from anaerobic muscle mitochondria of the adult parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 31573-31578. 

Ledward D A (1991), Colour of raw and cooked meat , in Johnston D E, Knoght M K and Ledward D A, The Chemistry of Muscle-based Foods, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 128-144. 

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