Multiplying prefixes examples

Two or more cyclic units linked by single or double bonds in such a way that no new rings are formed can be named by placing the appropriate multiplying prefix (bi-, ter-, quater-, etc.) before either the name of the cyclic unit or that of the corresponding radical. Locants before the name indicate the points of attachment (examples 67 and 68). 

Use hyphens to separate the different prefixes, and use commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, cite them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use one of the multiplier prefixes d, fn -, tetra-, and so forth, but don t use these prefixes for alphabetizing. Full names for some of the examples we have been using follow. 

When there are two or more different substituents present, the question arises as to what order they should be cited in naming the compound. The system adopted by TUPAC and long practiced by Chemical Abstracts cites them in alphabetical order without regard for whether there is a multiplying prefix such as di- or tri-. Examples are given below. 

If there is more than one type of branch, name the branches in alphabetical order. Determine the alphabetical order by using the first letter of the root (for example, -methyl-or-ethyl-), not the multiplying prefix (for example, di- or tri-). 

Prefix Abbreviation Exponential multiplier Meaning Example using length... 

The prefixes used in the SI and metric systems may be thought of as multipliers. For example, the prefix kilo-indicates multiplication by 1000 or 10, and milli- indicates multiplication by 0.001 or 10. ... 

If the compound contains more than one hydroxyl group, you need to include a prefix multiplier to indicate the number of hydroxyl groups. Two examples are shown in Figure 11.21. 

Decimal fractions and multiples of metric and SI units are designated by using the prefixes listed in Table G.2. The prefix kilo, for example, means a unit is multiplied by 10 ... 

Quantities e)q)ressed in science often range over many orders of magnitude (many factors of 10). For example, a mole of molecular diatomic nitrogen contains 6.02 X 1()23 Nj molecules and very small particles in the atmosphere may be only about 1 X 10 m in diameter. Therefore, prefixes are used that give the number of times that the basic unit is multiplied. Each prefix has a name and an abbreviation. Those that are used in this book, or that are most commonly encountered, are given in Table 1.5. 

The SI system employs prefix multipUeis (Table 2.2) with the standard imits. These multipliers Aange the value of the imit by powers of 10. For example, the kilometer (km) has the prefix kilo-, meaning 1000 or 10. Therefore ... 

The prefix multipliers allow us to express a wide range of measurements in units that are similar in size to the quantity we are measuring. You should choose the prefix multiplier that is most convenient for a particular measurement. For example, to measure the diameter of a quarter, use centimeters because a quarter has a diameter of about 2.4 cm. A centimeter is a common metric unit and is about equivalent to the width of a pinky finger (2.54cm = lin.). The millimeter could also work to express the diameter of the quarter then the quarter would measure 24 mm. The kilometer, however, would not work as well since, in that unit, the quarter s diameter is 0.000024 km. Pick a unit similar in size to (or smaller than) the quantity you are measuring. Consider expressing the length of a short chemical bond, about 1.2 X 10 m. Which prefix multiplier should you use The most convenient one is probably the picometer (pico = 10 ). Chemical bonds measure about 120 pm. 

Naming unsaturated compounds. The C=C double bond is named by the suffix -ene and the C C triple bond by die suffix -yne. The name is prefixed with the number of the first multiply bonded carbon atom in the chain. Examples are ... 

Scientific notation (see Appendix lA) allows us to express very large or very small quantities in a compact manner by using exponents. For example, the diameter of a hydrogen atom can be written as 1.06 x 10 m. The International System of Units uses the prefix multipliers shown in Table 1.2 with the standard units. These multipliers change the value of the unit by powers of 10 (just like an exponent does in scientific notation). For example, the kilometer has the prefix kilo meaning 1000 or 10. Therefore,... 

When reporting a measurement, choose a prefix multipher close to the size of the quantity you are measuring. For example, to state the diameter of a hydrogen atom, which is 1.06 X 10 °m, use picometers (106 pm) ornanometers (0.106 nm)ratherthan micrometers or millimeters. Choose the prefix multiplier that is most convenient for a particular number. 

What are prefix multipliers List some examples. 

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